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Biology yr 10 > 4.3 The Heart > Flashcards

4.3 The Heart Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of the heart?

A

to pump blood around the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products.

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2
Q

How many times does the heart beat per minute, and what is this circulation called?

A

70 times per minute, and this process is called double circulation.

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3
Q

What are the two sides of the heart responsible for?

A

The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

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4
Q

What is the role of the coronary arteries?

A

The coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen and glucose, which are vital for its function.

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5
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood enter the heart?

A

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the vena cava

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6
Q

Where is blood pumped after the right ventricle?

A

Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.

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7
Q

What happens to blood after it has been oxygenated in the lungs?

A

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein and enters the left atrium.

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8
Q

Which artery carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

A

The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

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9
Q

What is the function of heart valves?

A

Heart valves ensure that blood flows in the correct direction and prevent backflow.

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10
Q

Explain why thehe left ventricle wall is thicker than the right ventricle wall

A
  • left ventricle has to pump blood all the way around the body, therefore needs to have thicker muscle
  • right ventricle only needs to pump blood to the lungs
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11
Q

What is the sound of the heartbeat caused by?

A

The sound of the heartbeat is caused by the closing of the valves in the heart.

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12
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

Coronary heart disease occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of fatty materials.

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13
Q

What can happen if blood flow through the coronary arteries is reduced?

A

it can lead to pain, a heart attack, or even death

.

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14
Q

What is a stent, and how does it work?

A
  • a stent is a small metal mesh tube that is placed inside a narrowed or blocked artery to keep it open and allow blood to flow through
  • a balloon inflates to open up the stent and blood vessel
  • once it’s in place, the balloon is removed, leaving the stent to keep the artery open.
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15
Q

What is coronary artery bypass surgery?

A

Coronary artery bypass surgery involves replacing the narrowed or blocked arteries with bits of veins from other parts of the body.

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16
Q

How do statins help patients with heart disease?

A

Statins are drugs that reduce cholesterol levels in the blood, slowing down the rate at which fatty materials are deposited in the coronary arteries, lowering the risk of coronary heart disease.

17
Q

What are some advantages of using a stent to treat coronary artery disease?

A
  • can be inserted almost anywhere in the body without the need for major surgery
  • they help keep arteries open for improved blood flow
  • faster recovery

.

18
Q

What are some risks or disadvantages of using stents?

A
  • patient needs to take anti clotting medication
  • risk of clots
19
Q

How does blood flow from the veins through the heart?

A

Blood flows from the veins into the atria, through valves to the ventricles, and then out via the arteries.

.

20
Q

What happens in the lungs to the blood that flows through the pulmonary arteries?

A

In the lungs, blood releases carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen, becoming oxygenated before returning to the heart via the pulmonary vein.

21
Q

Explain why humans are said to have a double circulatory system

A

The blood visits the heart twice before going around the body

22
Q

Coronary bypass surgery advantages

A

Works for badly blocked arteries where stents cannot help

23
Q

Coronary bypass surgery disadvantages

A
  • expensive
  • involves risk associated with general anaesthetic

Biology yr 10 (11 decks)

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