4.6 tissues and organs in plants Flashcards
1
Q
leaf function
A
carries out photosynthesis
2
Q
stem function
A
supports leaves and flowers
3
Q
flower function
A
reproductive part of the plant
4
Q
root function
A
absorbs water and mineral ions and anchors plant to the ground
5
Q
name the types of leaf tissues from top to bottom
A
- waxy upper
- upper epidermal
- palisade mesophyll
- spongy mesophyll
- vascular bundle
- lower epidermis
- stomata + guard cells
6
Q
epidermal tissue function and adaptations
A
- covers surfaces and protects them
- secrete a waxy substance that waterproofs the surface of the leaf
7
Q
palisade mesophyll function and adaptations
A
- to carry out photosynthesis
- contains many chloroplasts
8
Q
spongy mesophyll function
A
- carries out some photosynthesis
- allows for the diffusion of gases
9
Q
spongy mesophyll adaptations
A
- contains some chloroplasts
- has big air spaces and a large surface area to make the diffusion of gases easier
10
Q
xylem function
A
to carry water and dissolved mineral ions from roots to leaves
11
Q
xylem adaptations
A
- cells join together to form a continuous hollow tube to allow water and mineral ions to move easily through
- strengthened by spirals of lignin to withstand pressure of water moving
12
Q
phloem function
A
carries dissolved food from leaves around the plant
13
Q
phloem adaptations
A
- Cell walls between the cell break down form special sieve plates.
- Allow water carrying dissolved food to move freely up
- Lose a lot of their internal structures
- Companion cells which have lots of mitochnodria to transfer energy
14
Q
state two differences in structure between palisade cells and spongy mesophyll cells
A
- palisade cells have more chloroplasts
- palisade cells are elongated mesophyll cells
15
Q
Describe the structures in a leaf that enable a plant to photosynthesise
A
- Chloroplasts are the most abundant in upper layer where more sunlight is received
- Stoma allows for CO2 to enter for photosynthesis
- Air spaces in spongy mesophyll allow CO2 to reach photosynthesising cells
- most leaves are broad to absorb lots of sunlight for photosynthesis
- most leaves are thin to reduce distance over which CO2 has to diffuse in order to reach photosynthesising cells
