4.7 Transport systems in plants

Question 1

Photosynthesis word equation

Answer 1

carbon dioxide + water —> (sunlight) oxygen + glucose

Question 2

Respiration word equation

Answer 2

oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 3

How does water get to the leaf for photosynthesis?

Answer 3

soil —> root hair cells —> xylem —> spongy layer —> palisade cells

Question 4

How does water get leave the plant after respiration? (Osmosis/transpiration)

Answer 4

Palisade cell —> spongy layer —> stoma —> air surrounding leaf

Question 5

How does CO2 enter the leaf for photosynthesis?

Answer 5

air —> stoma —> spongy layer —> palisade cell —> chloroplast

Question 6

How does CO2 leave the leaf after respiration?

Answer 6

Chloroplasts —> palisade cell —> spongy layer —> stoma —> air

Question 7

How does glucose move after being produced in photosynthesis?

Answer 7

Cytoplasm —> palisade cell —> phloem —> rest of plant or stored as starch

Question 8

Describe how minerals get from soil to the plant

Answer 8

Soil —> root hair cells —> xylem —> rest of plant (via active transport)

Question 9

Describe what is meant by translocation

Answer 9

The transport of dissolved material within a plant

Question 10

Describe the features of xylem tissue

Answer 10

• cell wall made of lignin
• flow is upwards
• made of dead cells
• no cytoplasm
• cross-walls are absent

Question 11

Describe the features of phloem tissue

Answer 11

• cell wall made of cellulose
• made of living cells
• also has companion cells
• flow is up and down
• has sieve plates

Question 12

Explain how xylem tissue is formed

Answer 12

• xylem cells are alive when first formed
• lignin builds up spirals in cell walls
• cells die and form long hollow tubes
• tubes allow mineral ions to move easily through them
• spirals and rings of lignin make them very strong
• spirals also help support plant cell

Question 13

Where is xylem and phloem found in woody plants like trees

Answer 13

Xylem makes up the bulk of wood, phloem found in a ring just underneath the bark

Question 14

Why are young trees vulnerable to damage by animals?

Answer 14

If a complete ring of bark is eaten, transport in the phloem stops and the plant will die

Question 15

Why do plants need mineral ions?

Answer 15

For production of proteins and other molecules within the cells

Question 16

Why do plants need water?

Answer 16

For photosynthesis and to hold themselves upright
- when a plant has plenty of water, vacuole presses against cell walls
- pressure of the cytoplasm against the cell walls gives support for young plants and the structure of the leaves
- for young plants and soft-stem plants, water is the main method of support

Question 17

Where does phloem transport sugar to?

Answer 17

• growing areas of the stem and roots where dissolved sugars needed to make new cells
• storage organs where it provides energy store for the winter

Question 18

What do greenfly and other aphids do?

Answer 18

Push their sharp mouthparts into phloem and feed on sugary fluid. If too many of them attack a plant, they can killing it by taking all of its food