extra khan topics Flashcards
social exclusion
isolating those in poverty or with ill health from rest of society; results in denying individuals from beneficial resources; external forces push them to fringes of society
social isolation
a community may voluntarily separate themselves out from society; ex. the Amish
segregation
separate but equal policy, but generally not at all equal
false consciousness
working class don’t see how bad they are being oppressed; can be promoted by the owners to keep workers from fighting back
class consciousness
lower class realizes that together they have solidarity against the upper class/owners of companies; they must struggle to overcome this oppression to obtain the means of production and take over ownership
primary appraisal
initial evaluation of threat; either respond that threat is irrelevant, benign (positive response), or harmful/threatening
secondary appraisal
if stressor perceived as threatening, evaluate ability to cope with stressor; determine what damage has already been caused, what future could be caused, and can you effectively respond
categories of stressors
significant life changes, catastrophic events, daily hassles, and ambient stressors (global, not individual)- ex. pollution, can negatively affect us without consciously realizing it
sympathetic response
increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate to release waste, vasoconstriction of periphery to shunt blood more to brain and core, adrenal medulla: NE and E, adrenal cortex: GCs, pupils dilate
thalamus
sensory relay station, directs the senses to the appropriate area of the cortex (all except smell- bypasses thalamus)
amygdala
aggression center; can stimulate anger/violence or fear/anxiety; lessioned amygdala can result in disinhibited behavior, don’t consider risks so act reckless
hippocampus
stores short term memories into long term; if damage, can’t form new long term memories but can usually still remember old ones
left hemisphere
positive emotions
right hemisphere
negative emotions
parasympathetic nervous system
pupils constrict, increased salivation, decreased respiratory rate, decreased heart rate, increased glucose storage, increased digestion; overall, works to conserve energy
three components of emotions
cognitive (mental assessments/expectations of environment), physiological (arousal, increased skin temp), behavioral
univeral emotions
happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, disgust; have consistent facial expressions across culture; Darwin said ability to recognize these emotions is innate
james-lange theory of emotion
event–physiological response–label/interpret physio response–elicit emotion
you are sad because you cry
cannon bard
event—physio response and emotion simultaneously–behavioral response
schacter-singer
event–physio response–cognitive appraisal of response–emotion
lazarus theory
event–appraisal/label–emotion and physiological response
how we label the event is dependent on past experiences
sensory adaption
change in sensitivity to a stimulus that you are repeatedly exposed to
proprioception
knowing where you are in space, position; sense of balance
Just Noticeable Difference
threshold at which you are able to notice a difference between two amounts of a certain stimuli (ex. noticing a difference in weights), increases as magnitude of weight increases
