Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral sciences MCAT > extra khan 3 > Flashcards

extra khan 3 Flashcards

1
Q

situational approach

A

behavior is seen as influenced by external or situational factors, rather than innate; hard to predict behavior based on one situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

Freud- our childhood experiences and unconscious desires shape our behaviors; focuses on mental rather than observable behavior; major driving force is libido: nature energy source that fuels the mind; fixation at a particular stage predicts personality; most of our mind is the unconscious, ID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ego

A

involved in perceptions, thoughts and judgments; wants long-term gratification; tries to please/balance needs of superego and id

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

superego

A

moral compass, values of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ID

A

wants immediate gratification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

humanistic theory

A

individuals have free will and we can develop ourselves to reach self-actualization; people are inherently good and self-motivated to improve; think about maslov hierarchy of needs and reaching top of pyramid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

biological theory

A

important components of personality are inherited/determined by genes; use twin studies to determine if biological or environmental factor; inherited genes lead to traits which leads to behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

behavioral theory

A

personality is result of interaction between individual and environment; based on observable behavior; Skinner- operant conditioning and Pavlov-classical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cognitive theory

A

focuses on individual’s thoughts as the determinate of one’s emotions and behaviors; thoughts and judgements work together with environmental influences to determine personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

trait theory

A

interested in measurement of traits, which are stable characteristics/habitual patterns of behavior; includes cardinal, central and secondary traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cardinal traits

A

characteristics that direct most of one’s activities; influence all of our behaviors, including central and secondary traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

central traits

A

less dominant than dominant, but still important to personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

secondary traits

A

preferences or ways of life that are minor (don’t affect other aspects of life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Big 5 personality traits

A

openness, conscientiousness (are you careful or impulsive), extroversion, aggreeableness, neuroticism (are you stable or anxious) remember OCEAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory

A

focuses on learning by observing others; four components: attention, memory, imitation, and motivation; to learn a behavior, have to pay attention to someone modeling behavior, have to remember what they did, be able to imitate it, and be motivated to repeat the behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bobo doll experiment

A

children either saw a man being aggressive towards inflatable doll and said aggressive words; many of children then repeated man’s actions and words, but some did not; then showed TV with someone shown being aggressive towards a doll, then saw man punished for actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Freud’s pleasure principle

A

immediately want to fulfill our wants and needs and avoid suffering when we are young/not mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reality principle

A

you may have to wait/ undergo a delay in order to get gratification, which is more long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Eros

A

Life drive, want for health and safety, sex; cooperation and collaberation

20
Q

Thanatos

A

death drive, self-disruptive/harmful to others; governed by fear and anger

21
Q

reticular activating system

A

release glutamate to areas of the cortex from the reticular formation; required for consciousness

22
Q

acetylcholine

A

released by muscle neurons as well as the autonomic nervous system

23
Q

Looking glass self

A

our view of ourselves comes from perceptions about how we are perceived by others; imagine how we appear to others, imagine what others think of us, and revise what we think about ourselves; we are influenced by what we IMAGINE others perceive us as, not always correct interpretation

24
Q

attitudes

A

have three components; affective-feel emotion, behavioral: act/behavior; cognitive: beliefs/knowledge
ABC model of attitude

25
Q

theory of planned behavior

A

we consider our implications of our actions and our intentions which shape how we behave; attitudes and subjective norms shape intentions

26
Q

attitude–behavior model

A

event triggers attitude which combines with knowledge to lead to behavior

27
Q

prototype willingness model

A

behavior is a function of our past behavior, our attitudes towards the behavior, subjective norms, intentions, willingness to engage in behavior, and prototypes

28
Q

elaboration likelihood model of persuasion

A

two routes through which info is processed: central route (depends on quality of arguments) or peripheral route (looks at superficial cues of persuasion); pick a route based on interest in the topic or motivation to process the message thoroughly; when a person is interested, tend to choose central route-deeply process info; those who aren’t interested-shallow processing; central route-lasting attitude change, peripheral-temporary attitude change

29
Q

role playing

A

by taking on a new role, while at first it may feel fake, we can eventually change our attitudes according to the role

30
Q

reciprocal determinism

Bandura

A

behavior, cognition, and environment all interact; a person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal cognitive factors and social environment.

31
Q

internal locus of control

A

feel that you can control your own destiny; failed test because you didn’t study

32
Q

external locus of control

A

perceive there to be outside factors that control your fate; ex. I failed the test because it was unfair

33
Q

learned helplessness

A

uncontrollable bad events lead to perceived lack of control which leads to generalized helpless behavior

34
Q

tyranny of choice

A

having too many choices can negatively impact behavior; study: people who had to pick from 6 choices were more pleased with decision than those who had to choose from 30 choices

35
Q

marshmallow test

A

experiment where children were given a marshmallow and allowed to eat it at any time, but if they waited 15 min, then they were given another marshmallow; children tried to resist temptation of immediate gratification for long term gratification; those who could wait for long term gratification have been found to have better life outcomes

36
Q

Ego depletion

A

self control is limited resource that requires energy to maintain; tasks that deplete self control make it hard to maintain self control in difficult second task

37
Q

folkways

A

mild norms, common rules and manners; basic, everyday courtesies; if you don’t engage, no actual punishment

38
Q

mores

A

norms based in moral values, produce strong feelings; ex. truthfulness, when public figures are not truthful, public outrage

39
Q

laws

A

norms that have established punishments for violations; not always outrage or disgust if violate

40
Q

taboos

A

behaviors that are completely forbidden any circumstances; based in deep understanding of right and wrong; much more extreme consequences than mores; punishable by law and disgust by public; ex. incest

41
Q

deviance

A

when a norm is violate, an individual behaves different than normal, expected behavior; not always bad- Olympic athlete behaves different than normal person

42
Q

theory of differential association

A

deviance is a learned behavior that results from continued exposure to others who deviate from norms/popular culture; relationships one forms affect behavior

43
Q

labeling behavior

A

a behavior is deviant if others have judged and labeled the behavior as deviant

44
Q

Primary deviance

A

does not have huge consequences, mild deviance-individual doesn’t feel immoral or wrong as result of situation

45
Q

secondary deviance

A

more serious consequence; severe negative reaction produces stigmatizing reaction, can lead to even more deviant behavior

46
Q

strain theory

A

if a person is blocked from attaining a culturally accepted goal, they become frustrated and turn to deviance

47
Q

incentive theory

A

reward is presented after the occurence of an action with intention of causing behavior to occur again; when rewards are given immediately, better chance of motivating; focuses on positive reinforcement

Behavioral sciences MCAT (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions