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Bacteriology IP5 > export_laundry exam 4 2010-2 > Flashcards

export_laundry exam 4 2010-2 Flashcards

1
Q

At necropsy of 2 pigs with CNS symptoms, you observed edema of eyelids and edema of submucosa along the greater curvature of the stomach. What is the probable etiologic agent?

A

Escherichia coli

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2
Q

Principal cause of Sylvatic plague in cats

A

Yersinia pestis

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3
Q

This Salmonella serotype is the most common serotype isolated from poultry

A

Salmonella Enteritidis

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4
Q

This agent, associated with wood product bedding, is a cause of mastitis in dairy cattle

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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5
Q

This Salmonella serotype, host adapted to swine, is a cause of septicemia and pneumonia often without an associated enterocolitis

A

Salmonella Choleraesuis

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6
Q

This Salmonella serotype is the cause of Typhoid fever in humans

A

Salmonella Typhi

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7
Q

This Salmonella serotype is the principal cause of Salmonella food poisoning in humans from poultry sources

A

Salmonella Enteritidis

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8
Q

This agent causes hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans

A

Escherichia coli O157:H7

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9
Q

This Salmonella serotype is the principal cause of Salmonella food poisoning in humans from mammalian sources

A

Salmonella Typhimurium

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10
Q

This Salmonella serotype, host-adapted to cattle, is the cause of abortion in cattle

A

Salmonella Dublin

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11
Q

This Salmonella is the most common serotype associated with disease in dogs in the U.S.

A

Salmonella Typhimurium

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12
Q

This agent causes a lesion in humans known as a “bubo” which is a very painful enlargement of the lymph nodes

A

Yersinia pestis

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13
Q

This Salmonella servar, host adapted to swine, is a cause of chronic necrotic enterocolitis

A

Salmonella Typhisuis

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14
Q

This agent is a CDC Category A potential bio-terrorism agent

A

Yersinia pestis

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15
Q

This Salmonella serotype, the most common serotype isolated from horses, is a cause of acute enterocolitis with high death loss

A

Salmonella Typhimurium

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16
Q

These bacterial species are known as Coliforms (name 3 from 3 different genera)

A

Enterobacter aerogenes,
Escherichia coli,

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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17
Q

The type of Escherichia coli associated with Edema Disease in swine

A

Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC)

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18
Q

This type of Escherichia coli directs the mucosal cells to form a pedestal for the E. coli to perch on

A

Attaching and Effacing E. coli (AEEC)

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19
Q

The type of Escherichia coli associated with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in humans

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

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20
Q

This type of Escherichia coli is most commonly involved in food poisoning in humans such as “Traveler’s Diarrhea”

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

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21
Q

The type of Escherichia coli associated with Neonatal Colibacilosis in swine

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

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22
Q

Porins that would expel antimicrobials from the bacterial cell

A

efflux pumps

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23
Q

Chemicals used to prevent growth or destroy potential pathogens on body surfaces

A

antiseptics

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24
Q

Term referring to the destruction of potentially pathogenic microorganisms by chemical means

A

Disinfection

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25
Q

The term for antimicrobial action in which the use of two antimicrobials increases the level of activity above the level of activity for either one alone

A

synergistic antimicrobials

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26
Q

This process refers to the transfer of genes b/w bacteria via bacterial viruses

A

transduction

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27
Q

The term in disease treatment for the drug type that inhibits bacterial multiplication but bacteria are not killed

A

bacteriostatic antimicrobials

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28
Q

The concentration of an antimicrobial that will prevent bacteria replication in vitro

A

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

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29
Q

Plasmids that carry genes coding for bacterial resistance

A

R-factors

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30
Q

The term for the modular DNA sequences encoding for antimicrobial resistance that are carried and transferred b/w integrons

A

gene cassettes

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31
Q

These are genes that are capable of transferring copies of themselves and associated genes to a new site within a replicon or to different relicons (e.g. b/w different plasmids or the chromosome)

A

transposons

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32
Q

Enzymes responsible for resistance of Gram positive bacteria to penicillins

A

Beta lactamases

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33
Q

The use of this compound by bacteria in Purine synthesis is the target of the Trimethoprim type of antimicrobials

A

Dihydrofolic acid

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34
Q

To be clinically effective, this type of antimicrobial must maintain a blood level that is greater than the MIC for duration of treatment

A

Time dependent antimicrobials

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35
Q

Term for the antibiotic effect on bacteria after the antibiotic is no longer in the system

A

Post antibiotic effect (PAE)

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36
Q

Complete destruction of all microorganisms by physical means or chemical means

A

sterilization

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37
Q

Major adhesions antigen

A

F antigens

38
Q

Capsular antigens

A

K antigens

39
Q

Flagellar antigens

A

H antigens

40
Q

Heat stable enterotoxin

A

not designated

41
Q

lipopolysaccharide (antigen on E. coli)

A

O antigen

42
Q

Mechanism of enteritis due to Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 in humans

A

increased permeability of the intestinal wall

43
Q

mechanism of nutritional diarrhea in an orphaned foal fed milk replacer

A

osmotic effects with subsequent malabsorption

44
Q

mechanism of diarrhea of parvovirus infection in a young dog

A

malabsorption due to villous atrophy

45
Q

Mechanism of diarrhea from enterotoxigenic E. coli in a neonatal calf

A

active hypersecretion of water an electrolytes

46
Q

A positive test separates the Proteus-Providencia group from the rest of the Enterobacteriaceae

A

Lysine Deaminase reaction

47
Q

Highly selective media used for isolation of Salmonella from feces

A

Brillian green agar

48
Q

A positive test indicates metabolism of tryptophan

A

indole test

49
Q

Media used to determine if bacterial isolates would have either of these biochemical pathways: Pentose Phosphate Shunt or Entner-Duodoroff pathway

A

Oxidative-Fermentative media

50
Q

Major biochemical test used to separate gram negative bacteria into two major groups

A

oxidase test

51
Q

Test used to determine the gram reaction of a bacterial isolate

A

KOH test

52
Q

Used to determine if a bacterial isolate produces acetoin

A

VP test

53
Q

Major biochemical test used to separate the gram positive cocci into two major groups

A

catalase test

54
Q

Enrichment broth used for isolation of Salmonella from contaminated specimens

A

selenite medium

55
Q

Medium used for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial specimen

A

Meuller Hinton agar

56
Q

family - chloramphenicol

A

acetamides

57
Q

family - amphotericin B

A

none of the above (antifungal)

58
Q

family - vancomycin

A

glycopeptides

59
Q

family - ceftiofur

A

cephalosporins

60
Q

family - amikacin

A

aminoglycosides

61
Q

family - fluconazole

A

azoles

62
Q

family - polymyxin B

A

polypeptides

63
Q

family - azithromycin

A

macrolides

64
Q

family - clindmycin

A

lincosaminides

65
Q

family - enrofloxacin

A

fluoroquinolones

66
Q

Villous atrophy as occurs with some of the major intestinal virus diseases of animals such as Rotavirus causes a diarrhea primarily due to:

A

malabsorption

67
Q

In relationship to growth in the presence of oxygen, Salmonella would be classified as:

A

facultatively anaerobic

68
Q

According to current knowledge, how would we rate hypermotility in the small intestine as a cause leading to diarrhea in animals?

A

Hypermotility is not known to be a major primary or contributing cause of diarrhea

69
Q

In cats, Salmonella infection can usually be characterized as:

A

a carrier state without clinical disease

70
Q

This drug, when given orally (and even systemically) to a horse, will often suppress the normal flora and thus allow overgrowth of a Salmonella in the digestive tract resulting in an often fatal salmonellosis.

A

Chlortetracycline

71
Q

This drug can cause a totally non-treatable fatal aplastic anemia in humans

A

chloramphenicol

72
Q

This drug is associated with a condition called keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs

A

Sulfadiazine

73
Q

This macrolide drug used to treat cattle and swine is known for having significant toxicity on accidental injection in humans (cardiac problems and death)

A

Tilmicosin

74
Q

This drug must be used with caution in young horses b/c of its propensity to cause potentially debilitating lesions in developing cartilage

A

enrofloxacin

75
Q

This agent must be used with caution in cats b/c use above 5 mg/kg can cause retinal degeneration

A

enrofloxacin

76
Q

This drug can cause a hypersensitivity in humans. When given to a individual that is hypersensitive, it can cause hives or even fatal anaphylactic shock

A

amoxicillin

77
Q

The FDA has forbidden off label use of these 3 antimicrobials in food animals b/c of potential human health problems

A

chloramphenicol,
enrofloxacin,

vancomycin

78
Q

The term coliform bacteria are identified as those members of the family Enterobacteriaceae that are:

A

lactose positive

79
Q

Certain virulence factors are considered to be necessary for Escherichia coli to be called Enterotoxigenic (ETEC). These factors include the ability to:
a) adhere to intestinal mucosa

b) cause villous atrophy
c) invade intestinal mucosa causing bacteremia
d) produce shiga toxins

A

a

80
Q

The principal means by which Yersinia pestis is spread through susceptible populations is by:

A

the bite of infected fleas

81
Q

What is the only validly named species of Salmonella in the following list?
a) S. arizonae

b) S. enterica
c) S. enteritidis
d) S. newport
e) S. typhimurium

A

b

82
Q

A description of the family Enterobacteriaceae would be as follows: gram __, oxidase ___, shape

A

gram negative,
oxidase negative,
non-spore forming rods

83
Q

Antibodies produced by vaccines using the Siderophore Receptor and Porin (SRP) technology work b/c the disrupt:

A

iron metabolism in the bacteria

84
Q

The cells mainly responsible for intestinal absorption of fluids are:

A

non-proliferative mature villous epithelium

85
Q

Rough mutants used for vaccination to control endotoxemia have a deficiency in which of the following parts of the lipopolysaccharide:

A

outer variable oligosaccharide region

86
Q

Cephalosporins, in regards to use in the patient, and action on the bacteria are:

A

bacteriocidal and time dependent

87
Q

Cephalosporins, in regards to site of action in the bacteria, affects:

A

cell wall synthesis

88
Q

Doxycycline, in regards to use in the patient, and action on the bacteria are:

A

bacteriostatic and time dependent

89
Q

Doxycycline, in regards to site of action in the bacteria, affects:

A

process of translation

90
Q

What is the antimicrobial of choice for treatment of a Yersinia pestis infection in cats?

A

gentamicin

91
Q

Aminoglycosides, in regards to use in the patient and action on the bacteria, are:

A

bacteriocidal and concentration dependent

Bacteriology IP5 (12 decks)

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