export_laundry exam 4 2010-2 Flashcards
At necropsy of 2 pigs with CNS symptoms, you observed edema of eyelids and edema of submucosa along the greater curvature of the stomach. What is the probable etiologic agent?
Escherichia coli
Principal cause of Sylvatic plague in cats
Yersinia pestis
This Salmonella serotype is the most common serotype isolated from poultry
Salmonella Enteritidis
This agent, associated with wood product bedding, is a cause of mastitis in dairy cattle
Klebsiella pneumoniae
This Salmonella serotype, host adapted to swine, is a cause of septicemia and pneumonia often without an associated enterocolitis
Salmonella Choleraesuis
This Salmonella serotype is the cause of Typhoid fever in humans
Salmonella Typhi
This Salmonella serotype is the principal cause of Salmonella food poisoning in humans from poultry sources
Salmonella Enteritidis
This agent causes hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans
Escherichia coli O157:H7
This Salmonella serotype is the principal cause of Salmonella food poisoning in humans from mammalian sources
Salmonella Typhimurium
This Salmonella serotype, host-adapted to cattle, is the cause of abortion in cattle
Salmonella Dublin
This Salmonella is the most common serotype associated with disease in dogs in the U.S.
Salmonella Typhimurium
This agent causes a lesion in humans known as a “bubo” which is a very painful enlargement of the lymph nodes
Yersinia pestis
This Salmonella servar, host adapted to swine, is a cause of chronic necrotic enterocolitis
Salmonella Typhisuis
This agent is a CDC Category A potential bio-terrorism agent
Yersinia pestis
This Salmonella serotype, the most common serotype isolated from horses, is a cause of acute enterocolitis with high death loss
Salmonella Typhimurium
These bacterial species are known as Coliforms (name 3 from 3 different genera)
Enterobacter aerogenes,
Escherichia coli,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
The type of Escherichia coli associated with Edema Disease in swine
Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC)
This type of Escherichia coli directs the mucosal cells to form a pedestal for the E. coli to perch on
Attaching and Effacing E. coli (AEEC)
The type of Escherichia coli associated with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in humans
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
This type of Escherichia coli is most commonly involved in food poisoning in humans such as “Traveler’s Diarrhea”
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
The type of Escherichia coli associated with Neonatal Colibacilosis in swine
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Porins that would expel antimicrobials from the bacterial cell
efflux pumps
Chemicals used to prevent growth or destroy potential pathogens on body surfaces
antiseptics
Term referring to the destruction of potentially pathogenic microorganisms by chemical means
Disinfection
The term for antimicrobial action in which the use of two antimicrobials increases the level of activity above the level of activity for either one alone
synergistic antimicrobials
This process refers to the transfer of genes b/w bacteria via bacterial viruses
transduction
The term in disease treatment for the drug type that inhibits bacterial multiplication but bacteria are not killed
bacteriostatic antimicrobials
The concentration of an antimicrobial that will prevent bacteria replication in vitro
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
Plasmids that carry genes coding for bacterial resistance
R-factors
The term for the modular DNA sequences encoding for antimicrobial resistance that are carried and transferred b/w integrons
gene cassettes
These are genes that are capable of transferring copies of themselves and associated genes to a new site within a replicon or to different relicons (e.g. b/w different plasmids or the chromosome)
transposons
Enzymes responsible for resistance of Gram positive bacteria to penicillins
Beta lactamases
The use of this compound by bacteria in Purine synthesis is the target of the Trimethoprim type of antimicrobials
Dihydrofolic acid
To be clinically effective, this type of antimicrobial must maintain a blood level that is greater than the MIC for duration of treatment
Time dependent antimicrobials
Term for the antibiotic effect on bacteria after the antibiotic is no longer in the system
Post antibiotic effect (PAE)
Complete destruction of all microorganisms by physical means or chemical means
sterilization
Major adhesions antigen
F antigens
Capsular antigens
K antigens
Flagellar antigens
H antigens
Heat stable enterotoxin
not designated
lipopolysaccharide (antigen on E. coli)
O antigen
Mechanism of enteritis due to Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 in humans
increased permeability of the intestinal wall
mechanism of nutritional diarrhea in an orphaned foal fed milk replacer
osmotic effects with subsequent malabsorption
mechanism of diarrhea of parvovirus infection in a young dog
malabsorption due to villous atrophy
Mechanism of diarrhea from enterotoxigenic E. coli in a neonatal calf
active hypersecretion of water an electrolytes
A positive test separates the Proteus-Providencia group from the rest of the Enterobacteriaceae
Lysine Deaminase reaction
Highly selective media used for isolation of Salmonella from feces
Brillian green agar
A positive test indicates metabolism of tryptophan
indole test
Media used to determine if bacterial isolates would have either of these biochemical pathways: Pentose Phosphate Shunt or Entner-Duodoroff pathway
Oxidative-Fermentative media
Major biochemical test used to separate gram negative bacteria into two major groups
oxidase test
Test used to determine the gram reaction of a bacterial isolate
KOH test
Used to determine if a bacterial isolate produces acetoin
VP test
Major biochemical test used to separate the gram positive cocci into two major groups
catalase test
Enrichment broth used for isolation of Salmonella from contaminated specimens
selenite medium
Medium used for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial specimen
Meuller Hinton agar
family - chloramphenicol
acetamides
family - amphotericin B
none of the above (antifungal)
family - vancomycin
glycopeptides
family - ceftiofur
cephalosporins
family - amikacin
aminoglycosides
family - fluconazole
azoles
family - polymyxin B
polypeptides
family - azithromycin
macrolides
family - clindmycin
lincosaminides
family - enrofloxacin
fluoroquinolones
Villous atrophy as occurs with some of the major intestinal virus diseases of animals such as Rotavirus causes a diarrhea primarily due to:
malabsorption
In relationship to growth in the presence of oxygen, Salmonella would be classified as:
facultatively anaerobic
According to current knowledge, how would we rate hypermotility in the small intestine as a cause leading to diarrhea in animals?
Hypermotility is not known to be a major primary or contributing cause of diarrhea
In cats, Salmonella infection can usually be characterized as:
a carrier state without clinical disease
This drug, when given orally (and even systemically) to a horse, will often suppress the normal flora and thus allow overgrowth of a Salmonella in the digestive tract resulting in an often fatal salmonellosis.
Chlortetracycline
This drug can cause a totally non-treatable fatal aplastic anemia in humans
chloramphenicol
This drug is associated with a condition called keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs
Sulfadiazine
This macrolide drug used to treat cattle and swine is known for having significant toxicity on accidental injection in humans (cardiac problems and death)
Tilmicosin
This drug must be used with caution in young horses b/c of its propensity to cause potentially debilitating lesions in developing cartilage
enrofloxacin
This agent must be used with caution in cats b/c use above 5 mg/kg can cause retinal degeneration
enrofloxacin
This drug can cause a hypersensitivity in humans. When given to a individual that is hypersensitive, it can cause hives or even fatal anaphylactic shock
amoxicillin
The FDA has forbidden off label use of these 3 antimicrobials in food animals b/c of potential human health problems
chloramphenicol,
enrofloxacin,
vancomycin
The term coliform bacteria are identified as those members of the family Enterobacteriaceae that are:
lactose positive
Certain virulence factors are considered to be necessary for Escherichia coli to be called Enterotoxigenic (ETEC). These factors include the ability to:
a) adhere to intestinal mucosa
b) cause villous atrophy
c) invade intestinal mucosa causing bacteremia
d) produce shiga toxins
a
The principal means by which Yersinia pestis is spread through susceptible populations is by:
the bite of infected fleas
What is the only validly named species of Salmonella in the following list?
a) S. arizonae
b) S. enterica
c) S. enteritidis
d) S. newport
e) S. typhimurium
b
A description of the family Enterobacteriaceae would be as follows: gram __, oxidase ___, shape
gram negative,
oxidase negative,
non-spore forming rods
Antibodies produced by vaccines using the Siderophore Receptor and Porin (SRP) technology work b/c the disrupt:
iron metabolism in the bacteria
The cells mainly responsible for intestinal absorption of fluids are:
non-proliferative mature villous epithelium
Rough mutants used for vaccination to control endotoxemia have a deficiency in which of the following parts of the lipopolysaccharide:
outer variable oligosaccharide region
Cephalosporins, in regards to use in the patient, and action on the bacteria are:
bacteriocidal and time dependent
Cephalosporins, in regards to site of action in the bacteria, affects:
cell wall synthesis
Doxycycline, in regards to use in the patient, and action on the bacteria are:
bacteriostatic and time dependent
Doxycycline, in regards to site of action in the bacteria, affects:
process of translation
What is the antimicrobial of choice for treatment of a Yersinia pestis infection in cats?
gentamicin
Aminoglycosides, in regards to use in the patient and action on the bacteria, are:
bacteriocidal and concentration dependent
