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Bacteriology IP5 > export_bact 5 > Flashcards

export_bact 5 Flashcards

1
Q

grow as mononucleated single cells, pathogenic yeasts reproduce by budding (called blastospores), may produce elongated forms that resemble hyphae (pseudohyphae), colony is typically “moist”

A

Yeast

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2
Q

grow as multicellular and multinucleate filamentous colonies, reproduce by sporulation, body: hyphae (may be septate or aseptate)

A

Mold

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3
Q

occur in both mold and yeastforms

A

Dimorphis fungi

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4
Q

method of reproduction for fungi (the processof forming spores)

A

sporulation

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5
Q

the tubular, branching, multinucleatestructures that form the “body” of the mold

A

hyphae

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6
Q

hyphae having crosswalls

A

septate hyphae

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7
Q

few or no crosswalls

A

aseptate hyphae

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8
Q

a mass of interwoven hyphae

A

mycelium

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9
Q

sexual reproductive (perfect)state of fungi

A

Teleomorph

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10
Q

asexual reproductive (imperfect) state offungi

A

anamorph

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11
Q

large (usually greater than 4x12 microns)multi-celled spores, the large spores that are producedby Microsporum canis that are so characteristic that they aid in speciesidentification

A

Macroconidia

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12
Q

small (usually less than 5 microns) one-celledspores

A

microconidia

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13
Q

asexual spores produced by segmentation(fragmentation) of hyphae (characteristic of Coccidioides immitis innature and the dermatophyte in vivo), the term for thetype of fungal spores that are produced by segmentation of the hyphae

A

arthrospores

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14
Q

asexual spores produced by budding from amother yeast cell (e.g. Cryptococcus neoformans ), thetype of spores that are produced from Cryptococcus neoformans

A

blastospores

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15
Q

main component of cell wallof fungi , N-acetyl glucosamine residues, the periodic-acid-schiff stain is useful for its ability tostain this compound

A

chitin

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16
Q

D-glucose resides

A

glucan

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17
Q

cytoplasmic membrane, contains ergosterol, the name for the fungal structure that corresponds to thecytoplasmic membrane of bacteria

A

plasmalemma

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18
Q

majorsterol in cytoplasmic membranes, alters permeability, thiscompound is in the plasmalemma but not in mammalian cell structures

A

ergosterol

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19
Q

The type of spores that are produced by yeasts are called

A

blastospores

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20
Q

Dimorphic fungi have the ability to grow inthese two fungal forms

A

Mold & Yeast forms

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21
Q

Hyphae with crosswalls

A

Septae

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22
Q

Sexual reproductive ( perfect ) state offungi

A

teleomorph

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23
Q

The type of fungal spores that are produced by segmentation of thehyphae are

A

arthrospores

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24
Q

Term used in reference to Arthrospores being formedinside the hair shaft

A

endothrix

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25
Q

Term used in reference to Arthrospores beingformed outside the hair shaft

A

ectothrix

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26
Q

This compound is a structural component of thecell wall of fungi but not of bacteria

A

chitin

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27
Q

The name used for the fungal structure thatcorresponds to the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria

A

plasmalemma

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28
Q

This compound is in the Plasmalemma but not inmammalian cell structures

A

ergosterol

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29
Q

The Plasmalemma is equivalent to what structure in bacteria

A

cytoplasmic membrane

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30
Q

The type of cell structure characteristic of the fungi

A

eukaryotic

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31
Q

toxic mushrooms belong to this class of fungi

A

Basidiomycetes

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32
Q

most members of deuteromycetes are placed in this class when their “perfect state” is delineated

A

Ascomycetes

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33
Q

this form class contains most of the fungi pathogenic to animals

A

Deuteromycetes ( Fungi imperfecti)

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34
Q

The Domain to which the fungi belong

A

Eukarya

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35
Q

The kingdom to which the fungi belong

A

Fungi

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36
Q

The toxic mushrooms belong to this class of fungi

A

Basidiomycetes

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37
Q

Most members of Deuteromycetes are placed in the class when their”perfect state” is delineated

A

Ascomycetes

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38
Q

This Form class contains most of the fungi pathogenic to animals

A

Deuteromyecetes

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39
Q

Most of the pathogenic fungi as isolated from animals have been placedin this subdivision of the fungal classification system

A

DEUTEROMYCOTINA(Deuteromycetes)

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40
Q

This agent, a common cause of “Phycomycosis”, may not be afungi but may be a member of the kingdom Protista

A

Pythium insidiosum

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41
Q

This “fungus” does not have chitin in the cell wall

A

Pythium insidiosum

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42
Q

intoxicationdue to ingestion of toxic metabolites that are produced by the action ofcertain molds in some food products

A

Mycotoxicosis

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43
Q

produce aflatoxinsthus causing aflatoxicosis, genus of fungi is one ofthe genera commonly implicated in mycotoxicosis , most common fungal species isolated from guttural pouch mycosis in thehorse Term

A

Aspergillus

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44
Q

produces aflatoxins, mostprobable exudate in a nasal discharge in a dog presenting with a nasaldischarge

A

Aspergillus flavus

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45
Q

An infection that involves the epidermal layers of skin, hair and nails

A

Dermatophytosis

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46
Q

A subcutaneous granulomatous abscess thatspreads to adjacent soft tissue, fascia and bone

A

Mycetoma

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47
Q

An intoxication due to ingestion of toxicmetabolites produced by the action of certain molds on some food products

A

Mycotoxicosis

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48
Q

These two genera of fungi are commonly implicated in mycotoxicosis

A

Aspergillus &Fusarium

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49
Q

This species of fungi is known to produce toxins which causemycotoxicosis in animals

A

Aspergillus fumigates

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50
Q

What is the major target organ in acute aflatoxin poisoning in animals?

A

liver

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51
Q

used to visualize capsulesof yeasts

A

India ink

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52
Q

best stain to visualize fungi from culture growth

A

Lactophenol CottonBlue

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53
Q

the best way to visualizethe fungal cell wall in histopathology

A

Periodic-Acid-Schiff (P.A.S.) stain

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54
Q

base media used to growfungi

A

Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar

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55
Q

antibiotic present in Sabouraud’s DextroseAgar, inhibits nonpathogenic fungi

A

Cycloheximide

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56
Q

almost specific for isolation ofdermatophytes, contains antibiotics: cycloheximide, gentamicin, andchlortetracycline, indicator: phenol red, red color indicates alkaline

A

Dermatophyte test medium (DTM)

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57
Q

The best stain to visualize the fungal cellwall in histopathology

A

PAS

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58
Q

You have submitted a tissue specimen to a diagnostic laboratory. You request that they stain a histopathologicslide specifically for fungi. They wouldprobably use this stain

A

Periodic-Acid-Schiffstain

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59
Q

The periodic-acid-Schiff stain is useful forstaining fungi because it reacts specifically with this compound in the fungalcell wall

A

chitin

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60
Q

You are taking a skin scraping for culture ofa dermatophyte from a dog. What is therecommended incubation temperature for this specimen?

A

25 C

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61
Q

The base media usually used to grow fungi

A

Sabourauds Dextrose Augar

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62
Q

This drug is commonly added to media used togrow pathogenic fungi to keep other contaminating fungi from growing

A

Cycloheximide

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63
Q

The best stain to visualize fungi from culturegrowth

A

Lactophenol Cotton Blue

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64
Q

Used to visualize capsules of yeasts

A

India ink

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65
Q

termused by physicians to refer to a fungal infection of keratin in specific bodyareas

A

Tinea

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66
Q

termused for dermatophytes whose major source to the animal is the soil

A

Geophilic

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67
Q

humansare the maintaining host of these types of dermatophytes

A

Anthropophilic

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68
Q

the large spores that areproduced by Microsporum canis that are so characteristic thatthey aid in species identification

A

Macroconidia

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69
Q

most common cause ofdermatophytosis in the cat

A

Species Microsporum canis

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70
Q

geophilic fungusspecifically affects the keratinized skin layers with subsequent diseasedevelopment in the dog

A

Species Microsporum gypseum

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71
Q

8 month old Yorkshire-crosspigs in Georgia with large scaly lesion on his sides clinically diagnosed withdermatophytosis is most likely infected with this fungi

A

Species Microsporum nanum

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72
Q

this agent is the commoncause of skin disease involving only the dermal layers in horses

A

Species Trichophyton equinum

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73
Q

T erm used for dermatophyteswhose major source to the animal is the soil

A

geophilic

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74
Q

Humans are the maintaining host of these typesof dermatophytes

A

anthropophilic

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75
Q

Animals are the maintaining host of thesetypes of dermatophytes

A

zoophilic

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76
Q

Term used by physicians to refer to a fungalinfection of keratin in specific body areas (from PwrPt)

A

tinea

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77
Q

The large spores that are produced by Microsporum canis that areso characteristic that they aid in species identification are called

A

macroconidia

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78
Q

This dermatophyte is classified as geophilic

A

Microsporum gypseum

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79
Q

What is the pathological process responsible for the “ringworm” nature ofsome dermatophyte infections?

A

Lateral Growth of Fungus to avoid inflammatoryresponse

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80
Q

The major cause of dermatophytosis in cats

A

Microsporum canis

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81
Q

This dermatophyte is considered to be host-adapted to cats

A

Microsporum canis

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82
Q

Microsporum canis

  • Symptoms: Lesions of”scaling and patching” on head and paws
  • Laboratory: Direct mount of hairs in 30% KOH,arthrospores observed external to hair shaft
A

Microsporum canis

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83
Q

You have diagnosed a “ringworm” infection in a cat. The client asks about the possibility oftransfer of the infection to her or her children. You advised her that the “ringworm”in the cat, in regards to the possibility of transfer to humans, is:

A

a disease of highdanger to exposed individuals

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84
Q

This geophilic fungus specifically affects the keratinized skin layerswith subsequent disease development in the dog.

A

Microsporium gypseum

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85
Q

Most common cause of dermatophytosis in the dog

A

Microsporium canis

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86
Q

This keratinophilic fungus is host-adapted to the horse

A

Trichophyton equinum

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87
Q

Most common cause of dermatophytosis in cattle

A

Trichophytonverrucosum

88
Q

Animals: 8 month oldYorkshire-cross pigs in Georgia

  • Symptoms: Large scaly lesions onsides
  • ClinicalDiagnosis: Dermatophytosis
A

Microsporium nanum

89
Q

What is media are usually used for isolating the dermatophytes in aveterinary practice laboratory?

A

Saboraud’s dextroseaugar/ dermatophyte test media

90
Q

Under what circumstances would you clip the hair of the animal?

A

Catteries, householdsw/ small children, elderly people or immunosuppresed people or long-haired cats

91
Q

What is the author’s favorite antimicrobial for treating cats?

A

Iatroconazole

92
Q

What is the major toxicity associated with ketoconazole in cats?

A

hepatotoxicity

93
Q

Wood’s Lamp Fluorescence is often helpful indetecting the presence of this dermatophyte

A

Microsporum canis

94
Q

Medium most commonly used be veterinarians to culture dermatophytes.

A

DTM

95
Q

What “signs” in DTM cultures indicate that the fungus growing on themedium is a Dermatophyte?

A

The medium is red,the colony is white, the medium turns red at the time of 1 st visiblegrowth

96
Q

You have a client that is having a continuing problem with dermatophyteinfections in her cats / dogs / horses. She wants to vaccinate to prevent the disease in her animals. You couldrecommend:

A

the products listedwould not be effective, are not available for the listed disease or should notbe used in this situation

97
Q

What are the 3 major phases in treatment of a dermatophyte infection?

A

1) Remove organism fromouter layers of skin & hair,
2) Apply a topical agent
3) Systemic therapy

98
Q

These two drugs from different families wouldbe most useful in treatment of a Microsporum canis infection in a cat.

A

Grisofulvin & Iatraconazole

99
Q

This agent should not be used in pregnantqueens because it may cause teratogenic effect.

A

Griseofulvin

100
Q

You are planning on treating a dermatophyte infection in a dog using anorally absorbed drug. Two drugs commonlyused for this type of therapy are (twoanswers) :

A

Grisofulvin & Ketoconazole

101
Q

blindness in the dog due toacute uveitis is commonly associated with acute infections with this dimorphicfungus

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

102
Q

a capsule and melanin arelargely responsible for the virulence of this fungi , this yeast is noted for the lack inflammatoryresponse seen in infected tissues when it spreads systemically , you have a cat that likes to hang out where the pigeons hangout – this cat is a good candidate to become infected with this agent

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

103
Q

Fungi such as Histoplasma capsulatum produce “granulomatousdisease” syndromes in the dog. The primary difference between thisgranulomatous response and other types of inflammatory responses seen withinfectious agents is that the granulomatous response:

A

is characterized by mononuclear type phagocyticcells

104
Q

These 3 dimorphic fungi cause systemic disseminated disease in dogs.

A

Histoplasmacapsulatum, Coccidiodes immitis, Blastomyces dermatidis

105
Q

Clinically, chronic disseminated blastomycosis \ histoplasmosis \ coccidioidomycosis in the dog is often characterized by:

A

bone infections - Blastomycosisand Coccidioidomycosis

                    intestinal infections   - Histoplasmosis
106
Q

All of the fungi listed below can be described as “dimorphicfungi” except :

A

Cryptococcusneoformans

107
Q

What are the usual species that develop clinical disease with thesystemic fungi?

A

humans & dogs

108
Q

this dimorphic fungi has apropensity to localize in the digestive tract after systemic spread , the term “tuberculated macroconidia” isalways used in reference to this agent , mosthumans in Missouri have had a mild infection with this dimorphic fungus and aresensitive to the antigens on the skin test , largenumbers of spores from this fungus are in bat caves

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

109
Q

The term “tuberculated macroconidia” is usedin reference to this agent.

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

110
Q

The life form of Histoplasma capsulatum in tissue can best bedescribed as:

A

small (3.5 microns) buddingyeasts

111
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum in the animal bodyis:

A

an obligateintracellular parasite

112
Q

What is the ecological niche where Histoplasma capsulatum is located?

A

Soil Saprophyte

113
Q

M ost humans in Missouri have had a mildinfection with this dimorphic fungus and are sensitive to the antigens on theskin test.

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

114
Q

What host species are most commonly affected with clinical disease to Histoplasma capsulatum?

A

Humans, Dogs & Cats

115
Q

Missouri is noted as a center of the endemic area forHistoplasmosis. The majority of dogsexposed to the causative agent:

A

develop acutepulmonary disease

116
Q

Animal : 2 year old boxer inMissouri (dog has not been out of Missouri)

  • Symptoms : Animal chronically losing weight. Chronic cough present. Auscultation indicates pneumonia is present
  • Laboratory : Radiographs indicate a diffuse interstitialpattern and hilar lymphadenopathy typical of fungal caused pneumonia
  • Histopath : Intracellular yeast cells were observed
A

Histoplasma capsulatum

117
Q

This dimorphic fungus has a propensity tolocalize in the digestive tract after systemic spread .

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

118
Q

Clinically, chronic disseminated histoplasmosis in the canine is oftencharacterized by:

A

intestinal infections

119
Q

These two drugs from different families wouldbe most useful in treatment of an acute pneumonia caused by Histoplasmacapsulatum in the dog.

A

Amphotericin B & Ketoconazole

120
Q

According to most authoritative sources, Histoplasmosis in the dog inregards to the possibility of transfer of the disease from infected dogs tohumans:

A

is of little zoonoticsignificance

121
Q

known for itsnephrotoxicity is used to treat fungal infectionsmust be given be slowintravenous injection

A

Amphotericin B

122
Q

used to treat fungal infections of the skin but should not be used for treatment of pregnant queens because of the potential for teratogenic effects

A

Griseofulvin

123
Q

Many of the drugs used to treat fungal infections affect ergosterol insome way. What part of the fungal cellstructure would then be affected? Whichdrugs affect egosterol?

A

Cytoplasmicmembrane - Amphotericin B, Terbinatine,Azoles

124
Q

What is the site of activity of Griseofulvin in fungi?

A

Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis & cell mitosis

125
Q

What is the major toxicity problem of Amphotericin B in dogs?

A

This drug, which is given by intravenous injection in the dog for fungal infections, is almost always associated with serious side effects including nephrotoxicity and anemia.

126
Q

The most important side effect of Griseofulvin in the cat / AmphotericinB in the dog / Ketoconazole in the cat involves toxic effects on these organs:

A

kidneys - Amphotericin B

liver - Ketoconazole

teratogenic problems  - Griseofulvin
127
Q

Which would be the more toxic drug to cats: Ketoconazole or Itraconazole ? What organ is usuallyaffected in Ketoconazole toxicity in the cat?

A

Ketoconazole - Liver

128
Q

blindness in the dog due toacute uveitis is commonly associated with acute infections with this dimorphicfungus

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

129
Q

A very large single budding yeast is the characteristic tissue form ofthis systemic fungus.

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

130
Q

What type of environmental habitat is associated with development ofBlastomycosis in dogs?

A

soil

131
Q

What species are most commonly affected with clinical disease to Blastomyces dermatitidis?

A

humans & dogs

132
Q

Clinically, chronic disseminated blastomycosis in the dog is oftencharacterized by (1 or 2 answers):

A

bone infections & draining skin lesions

133
Q

Blindness in the dog due to acute uveitis is commonly associated withacute infections with this dimorphic fungus.

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

134
Q

Which of the listed fungi is most likely to cause an acute uveitis (with possible blindness) in affected dogs?

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

135
Q

Animal : 2 year old male Dobermanin Tennessee

  • Symptoms and Lesions : Ulcerativelesion of skin and subcutaneous tissue on the right leg. Dog was losing weight. Temperature was 104 o F
    • Laboratory : Direct smear (lacto‑phenol cotton blue),large single budding yeast (with “collar”)
A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

136
Q

A family dog has been diagnosed as having Blastomycesdermatitidis pneumonia. Knowing the public health significance of thisfungus you:

A

tell the family that the disease is probably not contagious to humansand recommend treatment if prognosis indicates treatment would be successful.

137
Q

systemic disease with thisdimorphic fungus is characterized by bone lesions at the epiphyseal junction , spherule is the characteristic tissue from , natural habitat these pathogenic fungi are associated with rodentburrows in the southwestern deserts

A

Coccidioides immitis

138
Q

The spherule is the characteristic tissue form of this fungal species.

A

Coccidioides immitis

139
Q

The type of spores that are produced by Coccidioidesimmitis in nature

A

alternating arthrospores

140
Q

What is the life form of Coccidioidesimmitis in tissue?

A

spherules

141
Q

In their natural habitat these pathogenic fungi are associated withrodent burrows in the Southwestern deserts.

A

Coccidiodes immitis

142
Q

T/F: Ecologically, this systemic fungus is only found in the desert southwestin the United States.

A

False - also found in Central and South America

143
Q

What species are most commonly affected with clinical disease to Coccidioides immitis?

A

humans & dogs

144
Q

What type of environmental habitat is associated with development of Coccidioidomycosis in dogs?

A

Semi-arid “Lower sonoranlife zone“

145
Q

Systemic disease with this dimorphic fungus ischaracterized by bone lesions at the epiphyseal junction.

A

Coccidioides immitis

146
Q

Clinically, chronic disseminated Coccidioidomycosis in the dog is often characterized by (1 or 2 answers):

A

bone infections & draining skin lesions

147
Q

According to most authoritative sources, Coccidioidomycosis in the dog in regards to the possibility oftransfer of the disease from infected dogs to humans:

A

is of little zoonotic significance

148
Q

a capsule and melanin arelargely responsible for the virulence of this fungi , this yeast is noted for the lack inflammatoryresponse seen in infected tissues when it spreads systemically , you have a cat that likes to hang out where the pigeons hangout – this cat is a good candidate to become infected with this agent

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

149
Q

What 2 species of Cryptococcus are capsulated and thus most likely to be associated with disease conditions?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans & Cryptococcus gattii

150
Q

A description of these two pathogens would be: capsulated single-budding monomorphic yeasts.

A

Cryptococcus neoformans & Cryptococcus gattii

151
Q

What type of spores are produced by Cryptococcusneoformans?

A

blastospores

152
Q

What are the 2 major virulence factors of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Capsule - antiphagocytic

Melanin - impairsantibody formation

153
Q

What is the major ecological niche of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Pigeon excreta (Urban centers)

154
Q

You have a cat that likes to hang out wherethe pigeons hang out. This cat is a goodcandidate to become infected with this agent.

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

155
Q

What are the two major hosts affected by disease with Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

humans & cats

156
Q

What species of animal is mostcommonly affected with clinical disease to Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

cats

157
Q

This yeast is noted for the lack of inflammatory response seen ininfected tissue when it spreads systemically.

A

Cryptococcusneoformans

158
Q

One of the major manifestations of the disease”Cryptococcosis” as seen in its usual animal host often issymptomatically diagnosed as:

A

nasal granuloma

159
Q

Animal : 4 year old Siamese cat inSt. Louis. Lesion: Nasal granuloma that was surgicallyremoved.
Laboratory : Histopath, single budding capsulated yeastobserved with PAS stain

A

Cryptococcusneoformes

160
Q

What is the major localization of infection in disseminated Cryptococcosis in cats ?

A

Nasal Granuloma

161
Q

A 5 year old domestic shorthair cat in Chicago showed signs of centralnervous system disease (the symptomatic diagnosis was meningitis). On a direct smear of cerebral spinal fluid,single budding capsulated yeasts were observed with PAS stain.

A

Cryptococcus

162
Q

The tissue reaction seen in Cryptococcus meningitis of the catcan best be described as:

A

a diffuse granulomatous reaction with fewinflammatory cells.

163
Q

The use of India Ink is a valuable tool in diagnosing infection withthis fungal agent.

A

capsule

164
Q

What is the prognosis for resolution of disease in a cat with a nasalgranuloma? In a cat with meningitis?

A

Nasal - good prognosis

Meningitis - poor prognosis

165
Q

What drug in the azole family is commonly used in treatment of cats withCryptococcal meningitis?

A

Fluconazole

166
Q

What species of monomorphic yeast has recently appeared as a seriouspathogen in the Pacific Northwest (Canada and United States)?

A

Cryptococcus gattii

167
Q

What is the unique ecological niche of Cryptococcus gattii ?

A

Trees - Douglas fir, Red Cedar, Oak & Maple

168
Q

thismonomorphic yeast is known to cause a greasy seborrhea with thickened skin

A

Malassezia pachydermatis

169
Q

the term “cigar body” is usedas a descriptive term for the tissue phase of this agent

A

Sporothrix schenckii

170
Q

These two yeasts are commonly isolated from the canine ear canal asnormal flora and in disease.

A

Malassezia pachydermatis and Candida albicans

171
Q

New name for the fungus originally called Pityrosporum canis

A

Malassezia pachydermatis

172
Q

This yeast is isolated from the ear canal andskin infections in dogs.

A

Malassezia pachydermatis

173
Q

What is the usual ecological niche of Malasseziapachydermatis?

A

skin

174
Q

How would you describe Malasseziapachydermatis?

A

Monomorphic, yeast , non-capsulated

175
Q

This monomorphic yeast is known to cause achronic moist dermatitis with a musty odor in dogs.

A

Malassezia pachydermatis

176
Q

This monomorphic yeast is known to cause a g reasy seborrhea with thickened skin.

A

Malassezia pachydermatis

177
Q

This drug is probable drug of choice for systemictreatment of serious Malassezia pachydermatis infections of the skin of dogs.

A

Ketoconazole & Iatraconazole

178
Q

The term “cigar body” is used as a descriptiveterm for the tissue phase of this agent.

A

Sporotrichum scheneckii

179
Q

The disease Sporotrichosis as seen in thehorse is often symptomatically diagnosed as:

A

lymphangitis

180
Q

The disease “Sporotrichosis” is most commonly seen in which of the listed animals?

A

horses

181
Q

This agent causes an ulcerative lymphangitis in horses.

A

Sporotrichumscheneckii

182
Q

What is the usual method by which animals are infected with Sporothrixschenckii?

A

implantation

183
Q

What is the usual ecological niche of Sporothrix schenckii?

A

rotting materials

184
Q

Describe the parasitic tissue phase of Sporothrixschenckii?

A

“cigar body”

185
Q

This agent produces unique “flowerettes” in themycelial phase of growth.

A

Sporotrichum scheneckii

186
Q

What is drug treatment of choice for Sporotrichosis in the horse?

A

iodides

187
Q

Yeasty Beasties & Other Mycotic Issues : Who are the “Yeasty Beasties”?

A

Malasieziapachydermatis

188
Q

What is the most common underlying disease predisposing to Malassezia dermatitis?

A

Modified host defensemechanisms

189
Q

What is the best means to detect Malassezia in lesions?

A

cytology

190
Q

What are the systemic antimicrobials recommended for treatment of Malassezia dermatitis?

A

Ketoconazole, Iatraconazole, Fluconazole,Terbinatime.

191
Q

genusof fungi is one of the genera commonly implicated in mycotoxicosis , most common fungal species isolated from guttural pouchmycosis in the horse

A

Aspergillus

192
Q

most probable exudate in anasal discharge in a dog presenting with a nasal discharge

A

Aspergillus flavus

193
Q

mostcommonly cultured cause of a dog presenting with a disseminated fungal disease

A

Aspergillus terreus

194
Q

disease caused by thisagent could properly be called zygomycosis

A

Mucor sp.

195
Q

cause of pythiosis in dogs

A

Pythium insidiosum

196
Q

spherule is the characteristictissue form of this fungi

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi

197
Q

What must be demonstrated Histopathologically before a definitivediagnosis can be made of an infection with the monomorphic mycelial fungi?

A

Demonstration of hyphal elements invading thetissue

198
Q

This monomorphic mycelial fungus causes serious problems in captive birdpopulations under stress.

A

Aspergillus fumigates

199
Q

The usual cause of Canine DisseminatedAspergillosis.

A

Aspergillus terreus

200
Q

This monomorphic mycelial fungus is the most common cause of mycotic abortionin cattle.

A

Aspergillis fumigatus

201
Q

This is the most common agent isolated fromguttural pouch mycosis in the horse.

A

Aspergillus

202
Q

Disease caused by this agent could properly becalled Zygomycosis.

A

Mucor sp.

203
Q

This agent is the cause of pythiosis in dogs.

A

Pythium insidiosum

204
Q

This agent, a common cause of the diseasesoften labeled “phycomycosis” is actually not a fungus but mayactually belong in the kingdom ___?___.

A

Protista

205
Q

What type of disease is associated with Pythium insidiosum?

A

Pythiosis

206
Q

What is the ecological niche associated with Pythium insidiosum?

A

Stagnant water

207
Q

What is the infective stage of Pythiuminsidiosum to animals?

A

Motile zoospores

208
Q

How effective are antifungal drugs in the treatment of pythiosis?

A

not very

209
Q

What is the ecological niche associated with Rhinosporidium seeberi?

A

stagnant water

210
Q

The tissue phase of Rhinosporidium seeberi consists of:

A

spherules

211
Q

The spherule is the characteristic tissue formof these two fungal species.

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi and Coccidioides immitis

212
Q

This agent causes large nasal polyps in horses.

A

Rhinosporidiumseeberi

213
Q

Newdiagnostic tests for Pythiosis: Whatdiagnostic tests are available for diagnosis of Pythiosis?

A

Sensitive & specificserologic, PCR, immunochemical tools

214
Q

Equine Pythiosis: What was the successful treatment regimen forthe Pythiosis infection in the horse in this article?

A

Surgical and antifungal drugs

215
Q

Pythiosis in Dogs: What does the author say about the incidenceof Pythiosis in dogs in the United States?

A

Not known but thenumber of cases have risen over 5 years.

216
Q

What is the key element in having a successful outcome withimmunotherapy in dogs (and horses)?

A

Early diagnosis.

Horses>90% and Canine >50%.

Bacteriology IP5 (12 decks)

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