export_bacteriology test 4 Flashcards
(213 cards)
1
Q
Salmonella Choleraesuis
A
This salmonella serotype, host adapted to swine, is a cause of septicemia and pneumonia often w/o an associated enterocolitis
2
Q
E. Coli
A
A toxigenic type of this agent has been labeled as an “attaching and effacing type
3
Q
Salmonella Typhimurium
A
This salmonella is the most common serotype associated w/ disease in dogs in the US
4
Q
Salmonella enteritidis
A
This salmonella serotype is the most common serotype isolated from poultry
5
Q
Enterobacter aerogenes, E. Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
A
These bacterial species are known as coliforms (name 3)
6
Q
Klebsiella pneumoniae
A
This agent, associated w/ wood product bedding, is a cause of mastitis in dairy cattle
7
Q
Klebsiella pneumnoiae and E. Coli
A
These two agents are the most common gram negative pathogens causing endometritis in the horse
8
Q
Yersinia pestis
A
This agent is the cause of Bubonic Plague in humans
9
Q
E. Coli
A
This agent which produces Shiga toxin Stx2e causes a disease in Swine called edema disease
10
Q
Salmonella Dublin
A
this salmonella serotype, host-adapted to cattle, is a cause of abortion in cattle
11
Q
E Coli O157:H7
A
this agent which produces a toxin labeled STx1 causes a hemorrhagic diarrhea in humans
12
Q
Salmonella Typhimurium
A
This Salmonella serotype, the most common serotype isolated from horses is a cause of acute enterocolitis w/ high death loss
13
Q
Yersinia pestis
A
This agent is a CDC category A potential bio-terrorism agent
14
Q
Yersinia pestis
A
A vaccine has been used to protect Black footed ferrets against this agent
15
Q
Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella enteritidis
A
These 2 salmonella serotypes are the most common serotypes associated w/ food poisoning in the US
16
Q
Osmotic effects w/ subsequent malabsorption
A
Nutritional diarrhea in an orphaned foal fed milk replacer
17
Q
Increased permeability of the intestinal wall
A
Colitis due to E. Coli serotype O157:H7 in humans
18
Q
Active hypersecretionof water and electrolytes
A
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli in a neonatal calf
19
Q
Malabsorption due to villous atrophy
A
Parvovirus infection in a young dog
20
Q
Antiseptics
A
Chemicals used to prevent growth or destroy potential pathogens on body surfaces
21
Q
R-factors
A
Term used for plasmids that carry resistance to antimicrobial agents
22
Q
Pasteurize
A
Exposure of liquids used for food to heat to kill pathogenic bacteria
23
Q
Gene cassettes
A
The term for the modular DNA sequences encoding for antimicrobial resistance that are carried and transferred b/t integrons
24
Q
Biocontainment
A
A system of management practices directed at reducing the risk of spreading an existing disease b/t animals from different premises
25
Dihydrofolic acid
The use of this compound by bateria in purine synthesis is the target of the Trimethoprim type of anitmicrobials
26
Transcription
Term used to describe the process of DNA producing RNA
27
Sterilize
Term referring to the complete destruction of all microorganisms by physical means or chemical means
28
Synergistic antimicrobials
The term for antimicrobial action in which the use of two antimicrobials increases the level of activity above the level of activity for either one alone
29
Time dependent Antimicrobials
To be clinically effective, this type of antimicrobial must maintain a blood level that is greater than the MIC for duration of treatment
30
Ergosterol
This substance in the plasmalemma of fungi is the target of many of the antimicrobials that affect fungi
31
Minimum Bacterial Concentration
The concentration of an antimicrobial drug that will kill bacteria in vitro
32
Efflux pumps
Porins that would expel antimicrobials from the bacterial cell
33
Bacteriostatic antimicrobials
The term in disease treatment for the drug type that inhibits bacterial multiplication but bacteria are not killed
34
F antigens
Major adhesion antigens
35
K antigens
Capsular antigens
36
H antigens
Flagellar antigens
37
O antigens
Lipopolysaccharide goes with?
38
Process of translation
Doxycycline, in regards to site of action in the bacteria, affects?
39
Fluoroquinolones
This antimicrobial family has very poor activity against obligately anaerobic bacteria
40
Non-proliferative mature villous epithelium
The cells mainly responsible for intestinal absorption of fluids are?
41
Glycopeptides
Vancomycin
42
Fluoroquinolones
Enrofloxacin
43
Macrolides
Gamithromycin
44
Cephalosporins
Cefovecin
45
Aminoglycosides
Amikacin
46
Carbapenems
Imipenem
47
Polypeptides
Polymyxin B
48
Acetamides
Chloramphenicol
49
Azoles
Ketoconazole
50
facultatively anaerobic
In relationship to growth in the presence of oxygen, Salmonella would be classified as?
51
Gram -, oxidase -, non-spreforming rods
A description of the family Enterobacteriaceae would be as follows
52
DNA replication
Enrofloxacin, in regards to site of action in the bacteria affects?
53
Polymyxin B
This antimicrobial is known for alleviating the adverse effects of endotoxin in horses
54
Salmonella enterica
What is the only validly named species of Salmonella in the following list?
55
Gentamicin
What is the antimicrobial of choice for treatment of a Yersinia pestis infection in cats?
56
Bacteriocidal and concentration dependent
Gentamicin, in regards to use in the patient and action on the bacteria is?
57
Malabsorption
villous atrophy as occurs w/ some of the major intestinal virus diseases of animals such as rotavirus causes a diarrhea primarily due to?
58
Bacteriocidal and Time dependent
Cephadroxil, in regards to use in the patient and action on the bacteria is?
59
cell wall synthesis
Cephadroxil, in regards to site of action in the bacteria affects?
60
Lactose positive
The term coliform bateria are identified as those members of the family Enterobacteriaceae that are?
61
Outer variable oligosaccharide region
Rough mutants used for vaccination to control endotoxemia have a deficiency in which of the following parts of the LPS?
62
Carrier state w/o clinical disease
In cats, Salmonella infection can usually be characterized as?
63
Adhere to intestinal mucosa
Certain virulence factors are considered to be necessary for E. coli to be called Enterotoxigenic. These factors include the ability to?
64
Bacteriostatic and time dependent
Doxycycline, in regards to use in the patient, and action on the bacteria are?
65
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
This type of E. coli is most commonly involved in food poisoning in humans such as traveler's diarrhea
66
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
The type of E. coli associated w/ hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans
67
Attaching and effacing E. coli
This type of E. coli directs the mucosal cells to form a pedestal for the E. coli to perch on
68
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
The type of E. coli associated w/ neonatal colibacillosis in swine
69
Shiga toxin producing E. coli
The type of E. coli associated w/ edema disease in swine
70
Oxidase test (Cytochrome oxidase test)
Major biochemical test used to separate the gram-negative bacteria into two major groups
71
Selenite medium
Enrichment broth used for isolation of Salmonella from contaminated specimens
72
Voges-Proskauer test
Used to determine if a bacterial isolate produces acetoin
73
Ornithine Decarboxylaserxn
MIO medium is used to determine two biochemical rxns: Indole and ?
74
Brilliant green agar
Highly selective solid media used for isolation of salmonella from feces
75
Oxidative fermentative media
Media used to determine if bacterial isolates would have either of these biochemical pathways: pentose phosphate shunt or entner-doudoroff pathway
76
Catalase test
Major biochemical test used to separate the gram-positive cocci into 2 major groups
77
Mueller Hinton
Medium used for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial specimen
78
Lactose
The rxn on the slant of TSI is used to determine the fermentation of this sugar
79
Lysine deaminase rxn
A positive test separates the Proteus-providencia group from the rest of the Enterobacteriaceae
80
Amphotericin B
This drug which is known for its nephrotoxicity is used to treat fungal infections must be given slow intravenous injection
81
Amoxicillin
This drug can cause a hypersensitivity in humans. When given to an individual that is hypersensitive it can cause hives or even fatal anaphylactic shock
82
Chloramphenicol
This drug can cause a totally non-treatable fatal aplastic anemia in humans
83
Sulfadiazine
This drug is associated w/ a condition called keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs
84
Enrofloxacin
This drug must be used w/ caution in young horses because of its propensity to cause potentially debilitating lesions in developing cartilage
85
Enrofloxacin
This agent must be used w/ caution in cats because use above 5 mg/kg can cause retinal degeneration
86
Chloramphenicol
Enrofloxacin
Vancomycin
This FDA has forbidden off label use of these three antimicrobials in food animals because of potential human health problems
87
Chlortetracycline
This drug when given orally to a horse will often suppress the normal flora and thus allow overgrowth of a salmonella in the digestive tract resulting in an often fatal salmonellosis
88
E. coli
At necropsy of 2 pigs w/ CNS symptoms, you observed edema of eyelids and edema of submucosa along the greater curvature of the stomach. What is the probably etiologic agent?
89
Yersinia pestis
Principal cause of Sylvatic plague in cats
90
Salmonella Enteritidis
This Salmonella serotype is the most common serotype isolated from poultry
91
Klebsiella pneumoniae
This agent, associated w/ wood product bedding is a cause of mastitis in dairy cattle
92
Salmonella Typhi
This Salmonella serotype is the cause of typhoid fever in humans
93
salmonella Enteritidis
This salmonella serotype is the principal cause of salmonella food poisoning in humans from poultry sources
94
E. coli O157:H7
This agent causes hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans
95
Salmonella Typhimurium
This salmonella serotype is the principal cause of Salmonella food poisoning in humans from mammalian sources
96
Salmonella dublin
This salmonella serotype, host-adapted to cattle, is a cause of abortion in cattle
97
Salmonella Typhimurium
This salmonella is the most common serotype associated w/ diseases in dogs in the US
98
Yersinia Pestis
This agent causes a lesion in humans known as a "bubo" which is a very painful enlargement of the lymph nodes
99
Yersinia pestis
This agent is a CDC Category A potential biio-terrorism agent
100
Enterobacter aerogenes, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
These bacterial species are known as Coliforms
101
Attaching and effacing E. coli
This type of E. coli directs the mucosal cells to form a pedestal for the E. coli to perch on
102
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
This type of E. coli associated w/ hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans
103
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
This type of E. coli is most commonly involved in food poisoning in humans such as Traveler's Diarrhea
104
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
The type of E. coli associated w/ neonatal colibaclilosis in swine
105
Antiseptics
Chemicals used to prevent growth or destroy potential pathogens on body surfaces
106
Disinfectants
Term referring to the destruction of potentially pathogenic microorganisms by chemical means
107
Synergistic Antimicrobials
The term for antimicrobial action in which the use of 2 antimicrobials increases the level of activity above the level of activity for either one alone
108
Transduction
This process refers to the transfer of genes b/t bacteria via bacterial viruses
109
Bacteriostatic antimicrobials
The term in disease treatment for the drug type that inhibits bacterial multiplication but bacteria are not killed
110
Minimum inhibitory concentration
The concentration of a antimicrobial that will prevent bacteria replication in vitro
111
R-factors
Plasmids that carry genes coding for bacterial resistance
112
Gene cassettes
Term for the modular DNA sequences encoding for antimicrobial resistance that are carried and transferred b/t integrons
113
Transposons
These are genes that are capable of transferring copies of themselves and assocaited genes to a new site w/ in a replicon or to different replicons
114
Beta lactamases
Enzymes responsible for resistance of gram positive bacteria to penicillin
115
Dihydrofolic acid
The use of this compound by bacteria in Purine synthesis is the target of the Trimethoprim type of antimicrobials
116
Time dependent Antimicrobials
To be clinically effective, this type of antimicrobial must maintain a blood level that is greater than the MIC for duration of treatment
117
Post Antibiotic Effect
Term for the antibiotic effect on bacteria after the antibiotic is no longer in the system
118
Sterilize
Complete destruction of all microorganisms by physical means or chemical means
119
F antigens
Major adhesion antigens
120
K antigens
Capsular antigens
121
H antigens
Flagellar antigens
122
Increased permeability of the intestinal wall
Enteritis due to E. coli serotype O157:H7 in humans
123
Osmotic effects w/ subsequent malabsorption
Nutritional diarrhea in an orphaned foal fed milk replacer
124
Malabsorption due to villous atrophy
Parvovirus infection in a young dog
125
Active hypersecretionof water and electrolytes
Enterotoxigenic E. coli in a neonatal calf
126
Lysine deaminase rxn
A positive test separates the proteus-providencia group from the rest of the Enterobacteriaceae
127
Indole test
A positive test indicates metabolism of tryptophan
128
Oxidative fermentative media
Media used to determine if bacterial isolates would have either of these biochemical pathways: Pentose Phosphate Shunt or Entner Doudoroff pathway
129
Oxidase test
Major biochemical test used to separate the Gram-negative bacteria into 2 major groups
130
KOH test
Test used to determine the gram rxn of a bacterial isolate
131
VP test
Used to determine if a bacterial isolate produces acetoin
132
Catalase test
Major biochemical test used to separate the Gram-positive coccin into 2 major groups
133
Mueller Hinton Agar
Medium used for determining antimicrobials susceptibliity of bacterial specimen
134
Acetamides
Chloramphenicol
135
Glycopeptides
Vancomycin
136
Cephalosporins
Ceftiofur
137
Aminoglycosides
Amikacin
138
Azoles
Fluconazole
139
polypeptide
Polymyxin B
140
Macrolides
Azithromycin
141
Lincosaminides
Clindmycin
142
Fluoroquinolones
Enrofloxacin
143
Malabsorption
Villous atrophy as occurs w/ some of the major intetinal virus diseases of animals such as Rotavirus causes a diarrhea primarily due to?
144
Facultatively anaerobic
in relationship to growth in the presence of oxygen, Salmonella would be classified as?
145
Hypermotility is not known to be a major primary or contributing cause of diarrhea
According to current knowledge, how would we rate hypermotility in the SI as a cause leading to diarrhea in animals?
146
A carrier state w/o clinical disease
In cats, Salmonella infection can usually be characterized as?
147
Chlortetracycline
This drug, when given orally to a horse, will often suppress the normal flora and thus allow overgrowth of a salmonella in the digestive tract resulting in often fatal salmonellosis
148
Chloramphenicol
This drug can cause a totally non-treatable fatal aplastic anemia in humans
149
Sulfadiazine
This drug is associated w/ a condition called keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs
150
Tilmicosin
This macrolide drug used to treat cattle and swine is known for having significant toxicity on accidental injection in humans
151
Enrofloxacin
This drug must be used w/ caution in young horses because of its propensity to cause potentially debilitating lesions in developing cartilage
152
Enrofloxacin
This agent must be used w/ caution in cats because use above 5 mg/kg can cause retinal degeneration
153
Amoxicillin
This drug can cause a hypersensitivity in humans. When given to an individual that is hypersensitive it can cause hives or even fatal anaphylactic shock
154
Chloramphenicol
Enrofloxacin
Vancomycin
The FDA has forbidden off label use of these 3 antimicrobials in food animals because of potential human health problems
155
Lactose positive
The term coliform bacteria are identified as those members of the family enterobacteriaceae that are
156
Adhere to intestinal mucosa
Certain virulence factors are considered to be necessary for E. coli to be called enterotoxic. These factors include the ability to:
157
The bite of infected fleas
The principal means by which Yersinia pestis is spread though susceptible populations is by?
158
Salmonella enterica
What is the only validly named species of Salmonella in the following list
159
Gram negative, oxidase negative, non-sporeforming rods
A description of the family Enterobacteriaceae would be as follows?
160
Iron metabolism in the bacteria
Ab produced by vaccines using the Siderophore receptor and proin technology work because they disrupt:9
161
Non-proliferative mature villous epithelium
The cells mainly responsible for intestinal absorption of fluids are?
162
Outer variable oligosaccharide region
Rough mutants used for vaccination to control endotoxemia have a deficiency in which of the following parts of the LPS
163
Bacteriocidal and time dependent
Cephalosporins, in regards to use in the patient and action on the bacteria are?
164
Cell wall synthesis
Cephalosporins, in regards to site of action in the bacteria affects?
165
Bacteriostatic and time dependent
Doxycycline, in regards to use, in the patient, and action on the bacteria are?
166
Process of translation
Doxycycline, in regards to site of action in the bacteria affects?
167
Gentamicin
What is the antimicrobial of choice for treatment of a Yersinia pestis infection in cats?
168
Bacteriocidal and concentration dependent
Aminoglycosides, in regards to use in the patient and action on the bacteria are?
169
E. coli O157:H7
This agent is a common cause venereal transmitted equine metritis w/ infertility in the US
170
Salmonella Dublin
This salmonella is a very common cause of salmonellosis in cattle and is considered to be host-adapted to cattle
171
Salmonella Newport
| Salmonella Typhimurium
These 2 Salmonella serovars are associated w/ significant mortality in horses
172
Salmonella Choleraesuis
This Salmonella serovar is a common cause of septicemia and pneumonia in swine
173
Proteus mirabilis
This agent is known for its propensity to swarm on blood agar
174
Neonatal Colibacillosis
2. Edema disease
3. Enteric infection w/ Enterotoxigenic E. coli in adult humans
4 things that the primary infection site is the SI
175
LI
What is the primary site of infection of Enteric infection w/ enterohemorrhagic E. coli in humans?
176
Both SI and LI
What is the primary infection site of enteric infections w/ Salmonella typhimurium in a young pig?
177
Griseofulvin
This drug should not be used for treatment of pregnant queens because of the potential for teratogenic effects
178
Lincomycin
This drug, a feed additive for swine, will cause a non-responding fatal diarrhea when accidentally fed to horses
179
Stx
Shiga toxin
180
Increased permeability of the intestinal wall
Enteritis due to salmonella typhimurium in a 150# pig
181
Malabsorption due to villous atrophy
Coronavirus infection in a neonatal pig
182
Process of translation
The family aminoglycosides in regards to site of action in the bacteria affects?
183
Bacteriocidal
| Time dependent
Penicillin in regards to use in the patient and action on the bacteria is?
184
cell wall synthesis
Penicillin in regards to site of action in the bacteria affects?
185
Bacteriostatic and time dependent
Erythromycin (a macrolide), in regards to use in the patient and action on the bacteria is?
186
Process of translation
Erythromycin (a macrolide), in regards to site of action in the bacteria, affects
187
Bacteriocidal and concentration dependent
Fluoroquinolones in regards to use in the patient and action on the bacteria is?
188
DNA replication
Fluoroquinolones in regards to site of action in the bacteria affects?
189
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
190
Acetamides
Chloramphenicol
191
Macrolide
Timicosin
192
Lincosaminides
Clindamycin
193
A phage type of the bacterium
What does DT 104 stand for in the designation of Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104?
194
Tetrathionate broth
In isolation of Salmonella from the feces, which of the following is commonly used as an Enrichment Media to improve the chances of finding the Salmonella by inhibiting E. coli growth?
195
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Which of these diarrheogenic E. coli cause the most serious disease after zoonotic spread from animals to man in the US?
196
Inflammation of the bladder
The term cystitis refers to?
197
Increased hypersecretionof water and electrolytes
The primary mechanism which causes the diarrhea produced by enterotoxigenic E. coli can best be characterized as?
198
Kilebsiella pneumoniae
This agent is a common cause venereal transmitted equine metritis w/ infertility in the US
199
E. coli
A toxin produced in the intestinal tract by this gram negative bacterium is absorbed into the blood stream and then causes damage to small blood vessels resulting in brain ischemia w/ encephalomalacia resulting in CNS symptoms in swine
200
Salmonella Newport
The very virulent Salmonella serovar has been implicated in severe enteric fevers and death in immunocompromised humans who have consumed undercooked beef products
201
Both SI and LI
What is the primary site of infection for enteric infections w/ Salmonella typhimurium in a young pig?
202
Camp test
The ability of other bacteria to enhance the hemolytic zones of Staph aureus is determined w/ this test
203
Oxidative fermentative media
Used to determine if a bacterial isolate can oxidize glucose
204
Mueller Hinton Agar
Medium used to in antibacterial susceptibility testing
205
Triple Sugar Iron Agar
| MacConkey Agar
Two media that can be used to determine if a bacterial isolate can ferment lactose
206
Brilliant green agar
| MacConkey agar
Two media classified as selective
207
Malabsorption due to villous atrophy
Rotavirus infection in a neonatal calf
208
Osmotic effects w/ subsequent malabsorption
Nutritional diarrhea in an orphaned foal fed milk replacer
209
Increased hypersecretionof water and electrolytes
The primary mechanism which causes the diarrhea produced by enterotoxigenic E. coli can best be characterized as?
210
Amoxicillin and Doxycycline
You decided to use a combo of antimicrobials in your treatment of a mixed infection in a dog. Which of the following combos would be irrational to use because the drugs have a high potential for antagonims w/ each other?
211
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Which of these diarrheogenic E. coli present the most serious zoonotic threat in the US?
212
Porin protein
Bacterial LPS consists of all of the following compounds except?
213
Proliferative immature crypt epithelium
The cells mainly responsible for intestinal secretion of fluids are the?
