export_bacteriology test 4 Flashcards
Salmonella Choleraesuis
This salmonella serotype, host adapted to swine, is a cause of septicemia and pneumonia often w/o an associated enterocolitis
E. Coli
A toxigenic type of this agent has been labeled as an “attaching and effacing type
Salmonella Typhimurium
This salmonella is the most common serotype associated w/ disease in dogs in the US
Salmonella enteritidis
This salmonella serotype is the most common serotype isolated from poultry
Enterobacter aerogenes, E. Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
These bacterial species are known as coliforms (name 3)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
This agent, associated w/ wood product bedding, is a cause of mastitis in dairy cattle
Klebsiella pneumnoiae and E. Coli
These two agents are the most common gram negative pathogens causing endometritis in the horse
Yersinia pestis
This agent is the cause of Bubonic Plague in humans
E. Coli
This agent which produces Shiga toxin Stx2e causes a disease in Swine called edema disease
Salmonella Dublin
this salmonella serotype, host-adapted to cattle, is a cause of abortion in cattle
E Coli O157:H7
this agent which produces a toxin labeled STx1 causes a hemorrhagic diarrhea in humans
Salmonella Typhimurium
This Salmonella serotype, the most common serotype isolated from horses is a cause of acute enterocolitis w/ high death loss
Yersinia pestis
This agent is a CDC category A potential bio-terrorism agent
Yersinia pestis
A vaccine has been used to protect Black footed ferrets against this agent
Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella enteritidis
These 2 salmonella serotypes are the most common serotypes associated w/ food poisoning in the US
Osmotic effects w/ subsequent malabsorption
Nutritional diarrhea in an orphaned foal fed milk replacer
Increased permeability of the intestinal wall
Colitis due to E. Coli serotype O157:H7 in humans
Active hypersecretionof water and electrolytes
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli in a neonatal calf
Malabsorption due to villous atrophy
Parvovirus infection in a young dog
Antiseptics
Chemicals used to prevent growth or destroy potential pathogens on body surfaces
R-factors
Term used for plasmids that carry resistance to antimicrobial agents
Pasteurize
Exposure of liquids used for food to heat to kill pathogenic bacteria
Gene cassettes
The term for the modular DNA sequences encoding for antimicrobial resistance that are carried and transferred b/t integrons
Biocontainment
A system of management practices directed at reducing the risk of spreading an existing disease b/t animals from different premises
Dihydrofolic acid
The use of this compound by bateria in purine synthesis is the target of the Trimethoprim type of anitmicrobials
Transcription
Term used to describe the process of DNA producing RNA
Sterilize
Term referring to the complete destruction of all microorganisms by physical means or chemical means
Synergistic antimicrobials
The term for antimicrobial action in which the use of two antimicrobials increases the level of activity above the level of activity for either one alone
Time dependent Antimicrobials
To be clinically effective, this type of antimicrobial must maintain a blood level that is greater than the MIC for duration of treatment
Ergosterol
This substance in the plasmalemma of fungi is the target of many of the antimicrobials that affect fungi
Minimum Bacterial Concentration
The concentration of an antimicrobial drug that will kill bacteria in vitro
Efflux pumps
Porins that would expel antimicrobials from the bacterial cell
Bacteriostatic antimicrobials
The term in disease treatment for the drug type that inhibits bacterial multiplication but bacteria are not killed
F antigens
Major adhesion antigens
K antigens
Capsular antigens
H antigens
Flagellar antigens
O antigens
Lipopolysaccharide goes with?
Process of translation
Doxycycline, in regards to site of action in the bacteria, affects?
Fluoroquinolones
This antimicrobial family has very poor activity against obligately anaerobic bacteria
Non-proliferative mature villous epithelium
The cells mainly responsible for intestinal absorption of fluids are?
Glycopeptides
Vancomycin
Fluoroquinolones
Enrofloxacin
Macrolides
Gamithromycin
Cephalosporins
Cefovecin
Aminoglycosides
Amikacin
Carbapenems
Imipenem
Polypeptides
Polymyxin B
Acetamides
Chloramphenicol
Azoles
Ketoconazole
facultatively anaerobic
In relationship to growth in the presence of oxygen, Salmonella would be classified as?
Gram -, oxidase -, non-spreforming rods
A description of the family Enterobacteriaceae would be as follows
DNA replication
Enrofloxacin, in regards to site of action in the bacteria affects?
Polymyxin B
This antimicrobial is known for alleviating the adverse effects of endotoxin in horses
Salmonella enterica
What is the only validly named species of Salmonella in the following list?
Gentamicin
What is the antimicrobial of choice for treatment of a Yersinia pestis infection in cats?
Bacteriocidal and concentration dependent
Gentamicin, in regards to use in the patient and action on the bacteria is?
Malabsorption
villous atrophy as occurs w/ some of the major intestinal virus diseases of animals such as rotavirus causes a diarrhea primarily due to?
Bacteriocidal and Time dependent
Cephadroxil, in regards to use in the patient and action on the bacteria is?
cell wall synthesis
Cephadroxil, in regards to site of action in the bacteria affects?
Lactose positive
The term coliform bateria are identified as those members of the family Enterobacteriaceae that are?
Outer variable oligosaccharide region
Rough mutants used for vaccination to control endotoxemia have a deficiency in which of the following parts of the LPS?
Carrier state w/o clinical disease
In cats, Salmonella infection can usually be characterized as?
Adhere to intestinal mucosa
Certain virulence factors are considered to be necessary for E. coli to be called Enterotoxigenic. These factors include the ability to?
Bacteriostatic and time dependent
Doxycycline, in regards to use in the patient, and action on the bacteria are?
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
This type of E. coli is most commonly involved in food poisoning in humans such as traveler’s diarrhea
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
The type of E. coli associated w/ hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans
Attaching and effacing E. coli
This type of E. coli directs the mucosal cells to form a pedestal for the E. coli to perch on
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
The type of E. coli associated w/ neonatal colibacillosis in swine
Shiga toxin producing E. coli
The type of E. coli associated w/ edema disease in swine
Oxidase test (Cytochrome oxidase test)
Major biochemical test used to separate the gram-negative bacteria into two major groups
Selenite medium
Enrichment broth used for isolation of Salmonella from contaminated specimens
Voges-Proskauer test
Used to determine if a bacterial isolate produces acetoin
Ornithine Decarboxylaserxn
MIO medium is used to determine two biochemical rxns: Indole and ?
Brilliant green agar
Highly selective solid media used for isolation of salmonella from feces
Oxidative fermentative media
Media used to determine if bacterial isolates would have either of these biochemical pathways: pentose phosphate shunt or entner-doudoroff pathway
Catalase test
Major biochemical test used to separate the gram-positive cocci into 2 major groups
Mueller Hinton
Medium used for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial specimen
Lactose
The rxn on the slant of TSI is used to determine the fermentation of this sugar
Lysine deaminase rxn
A positive test separates the Proteus-providencia group from the rest of the Enterobacteriaceae
Amphotericin B
This drug which is known for its nephrotoxicity is used to treat fungal infections must be given slow intravenous injection
Amoxicillin
This drug can cause a hypersensitivity in humans. When given to an individual that is hypersensitive it can cause hives or even fatal anaphylactic shock
Chloramphenicol
This drug can cause a totally non-treatable fatal aplastic anemia in humans
Sulfadiazine
This drug is associated w/ a condition called keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs
Enrofloxacin
This drug must be used w/ caution in young horses because of its propensity to cause potentially debilitating lesions in developing cartilage
Enrofloxacin
This agent must be used w/ caution in cats because use above 5 mg/kg can cause retinal degeneration