export_bact test 3 Flashcards
Translation
Term use for the process of info transfer from RNA to produce proteins
Phenotype
Term used to refer to the observable characteristics of bacterial cell
Transcription
Term used to describe the process of DNA producing RNA
Intertrigo
In dermatology, this term means inflammation of skin folds
Transformation
This is the term used to describe the direct transfer of naked chromosomal DNA from one bacterial cell to a second bacterial cell
Mesophile
In reference to optimal growth temp the genus Streptococcus would be placed in this classification
Vesicle
In dermatology, this term refers to a liquid filled cavity w/o pus within the epidermis
Pustule
In dermatolgy, this term refers to a small collection of pus under the epidermis
Fimbriae
THis term refers to the hairlike projections on bacterial cell surace but especially applies to those that function in adhesion or attachment functions
Embden-Mehyerhof pathway
This biochemical pathway is responsible for anaerobic glycolysis of glucose
Limulus Amebocyte lysate
This is the name of the compound that is used by the pharma ceutical industry to test for the presence of endotoxin in pharmaceuticals
Alpha hemolysis
The hemolytic pattern of the genus Streptococcus characterized by partial hemolysis
Pyogenic
The primary cellular responses seen in this type of inflammation is neutrophilic
Exfoliative toxin
This toxin is responsible for the skin lesions in Exudative epidermitis of young pigs by rpoducing an epidermal necrolysis
Epidemic
Term referring to a level of disease that is above the usual level for an animal pop.
Furunculosis
Term used to describe a pyogenic infection of the hair follicles in which there is a coalescence of several hair folicles inot one large pyogenic lesion
Nosocomial infection
Term for an infection acquired by an animal during residence in a veterinary hosptial
Facultatively anaerobic bacteria
The classification of the Staphylococcus in regards to requirements of atmospheric gases
Dermatitis
This term means inflammation of the skin
Protein A
This virulence factor of some species of Staphylococcus binds nonspecifically to the Fc receptor of IgG and may be responsible for causing a hypersensitivity rxn
Botryomycosis
Term used for a chronic pyogenic granulomatous disease characterized by a granulation tissue enclosing multiple small abscesses
M-protein
This virulence factor of some species of Streptococcus is probably responsible for the immune mediated rxns associated w/ streptococcus infection in humans and horses
Enterotoxin
This toxin is responsible for the symptoms associated w/ food poisoning in humans due to Staphylococcus aureus
Autogenous bacterin
Term used for the immunological products that consist of killed bacteria that were isolated from a given herd of animals and then used back in that herd
Coagulase
This virulence factor is considered to be the best marker of virulence within the Genus Staphylococcus
Granulomatous
The primary cellular responses seen in this type of inflammation is monocytic
Capsule
Closely attached amorphous layers of polysaccharides that are physically associated w/ the surface of the bacterial cell
Endemic
Term referring to a persistence of infection or disease in an animal pop at a more or less constant low level
Dyspnea
This term means difficult or labored breathing
Fascilitis
This term refers to an inflammation of CT
S-layer
This is the name given to the crystalline arrays of proteins or glycoproteins that are attached on the outside of the peptidoglycan layer of gram positive bacteria
Septicemia
Term indicating presence of bacteria in circulatory system w/ concurrent acute and severe clinical response by the host
Lancefield antigens
These antigens of Streptococcus are used to separate the genus into groups (A,B,C, etc.)
Papule
In dermatology, this term refers to small solid and usually conical elevations of skin that do not contain pus
Superantigens
This class of toxins is responsible for toxic shock syndrome seen w/ infections of Staphylococcus and streptococcus
Prebiotics
Complex carbs taht are given to stimulate the growth ad or activity of bacteria in the digestive system which are beneficial to the health of the body
Opportunistic infection
Term for an infection caused by a nonpathogenic normal flora bacterial species which occurred because of a breakdown in body defenses
Lymphadenopathy
This term means swollen or enlarged lymph nodes
Morbidity
Term referring to the number of cases from a given disease in a given pop (time interval specified)
Alpha toxin (hemolysin)
This toxin of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius produces a complete hemolysis on blood agar
Idiopathic infection
Term for those infections which the diagnostician considered to be self originated or w/o known cause
Beta toxins (hemolysin)
This toxin of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius produces a partial hemolysis on blood agar
Impetigo
In human dermatolgoy, this is the diagnostic term that is often used for superficial bacterial infections of the skin in young children
Plasmids
Small genetic elements that can be transferred b/t bacterial cells thru conjugation
Archaea
Bacteria
These 2 domains of the living world only contain procaryotic organisms
Catalase
Superoxide dismutase
These 2 enzymes produced by certain bacteria protect them from toxic oxygen containing compounds produced when oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor in energy metabolism
Staphylococcus delphini and pseudintermedius and intermedius
The three species that were separated out of the original staphylococcus intermedius species
Staph. pseudintermedius and schieferi
These 2 agents are the bacteria often associated w/ chronic deep pyoderma in dogs
Staph. aureus
Principal cause of botryomycosis in the horse
Strep. canis
This agent has been implicated as a cause of necrotizing fascilitis in dogs
Strept. equi subsp. zooepidemicus
This agent is considered to be one of the major causes of endometritis in the horse
Staphy. hyicus
This agent is the cause of Greasy pig disease an exudative epidermitis of young pigs
Strep. suis
This alpha hemolytic Streptococcus is a major cause of meningitis, pneumonia, and septicemia in young pigs
Strep. equi subsp. equi
This bacterium is considered to be an underlying cause of equine purpura hemorrhagica thru the mechanism of an immune complex disease
Strep. agalactiae
In human medicine this streptococcus, a common cause of neonatal infections is commonly diagnosed as Group B Strep infection
Staph. aureus
This catalase positive bacterium is a comon cause of mastitis in cattle
Strept. agalactiae
This streptococcal pathogen, a common cause of mastitis in dairy cattle is considered to be an obligate intramammary parasite
Strep. pneumoniae
This agent has recently been asociated w/the condition inflammatory respiratory disease in young training thoroughbreds
Juvenile pyodema
Acute pyotraumatic pyodema
Corticosteroids are indicated as major therapy in this disease. Antibiotics are given as ancillary agents
Generalized deep pyoderma
Recurrent superficial folliculitis
Superficial folliculitis at first diagnosis
Antibiotics are indicated as major therapy in this disease. Corticosteroids are contraindicated.
In mammals as an alternate pathway for activation of complement
THe properdin pathway is a biological pathway?
high morbidity and low mortality
An outbreak of strangles in a group of susceptible horses is usually characterized by?
Gram +, catalase +, coci in clusters
A description of staph. pseudintermedius would be as follows?
The use of corticosteroids is indicated in these cases
You are treating a generalized deep pyoderma in a dog. Which of the following statements are false for handling this situation?
Carb antigen
Lancefield group of Streptococcus as originally done by Rebecca Lancefield depended on a precipitation test with the ? antigen.
well demarcated edema
The lesions of purpura hemorrhagica are best characterize as/by:
Benzoyl peroxide shampoo
What of the following is considered to be the most efficacious of the shampoos to be used in therapy of canine pyoderma?
Ampicillin
You are to treat a 3 month old foal w/ a confirmed case of stretococcal septicemia by intramscular injection. You have available antibiotics in the following list. Which would be the antimicrobial of choice?
one
What is the chromosome number of streptococus equi subsp. zooepidemicus?
Infection of the mesenteric lymph nodes w/ streptococcus equi subsp equi
Which of the following disease situation swould be diagnosed as bastard strangles?
Protein A
The virulence factor of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius that is probably involved in the development of the hypersensitivity response in chronic deep pyoderma of dogs is?
Lymph node swelling w/subsequent abscesation and rupture
The classical clinicalsign leading to a presumptive diagnosis of strangles in a horse would be?
Depth of the involvement into the skin
When setting up a management plan, it is necessary to classify the pyoderma in the dog by the seriousness of the disease. The most useful means of classification is based on?
Lysine Deaminase rxn
A positive test separates the Proteus-Providencia group from the rest of the Enterobacteriaceae
Oxidase test
Major biochemical test used to separate the Gram-negative bacteria into 2 major groups
KOH test
Test used to determine the gram rxn of a bacterial isolate
VP test
Used to determine if a bacterial isolate produces acetoin
Lactose
MacConkey Agar can be used to determine fermentation of this sugar
Camp Test
The ability of other bacteria to enhance the partial hemolytic zone produced by Staph. aureus is determined w/ this test
MacConkey Agar
This is a selective Media
Indole test
A positive test indicates metabolism of tryptophan
Oxidative fermentative media
Media used to determine if bacterial isolates would have either of these biochemical pathways: Pentose phosphate shunt or F entner doudoroff pathway
Catalase test
Major biochemical test used to separate the gram positive cocci into 2 major groups
Coagulase
This virulence factor is considered to be the best marker of virulence within the genus Staphylococcus
Granulomatous
The primary cellular response seen in this type of inflammation is monocytic
Procaryotic cell
Term used to describe the type of internal structure arrangement unique to bacterial cells
Opportunistic infection
Term for an infection caused by a nonpathogenic normal flora bacterial species which occurred because of a breakdown of body defenses
Beta toxin
This toxin produced by Staph is used in the CAMP test to help identify several species of bacteria including Strep. agalactiae
Superantigens
This class of toxins is responsible for toxic shock syndrome seen with infections fo Staph and Strep
Vesicle
In dermatology, this term means a liquid filled cavity w/o puss under the epidermis
Endemic
Term referring to a persistence of infection of disease in an animal pop. at a more or less constant low level
Endometritis
This term means inflammation of the uterine wall
Dyspnea
This term means difficult or labored breathing
S-layer
This is the name given to the crystalline arrays of proteins or glycoproteins that are attached on the outside of the peptidoglycan layer of gram positive bacteria
Septicemia
Term indicating presence of bacteria in circulatory system w/ concurrent acute and severe clinical response by the host
Pyogenic
The primary cellular response seen in this type of inflammation is neutrophilic
Protein A
This virulence factor of some species of Staph binds nonspecifically to the Fc receptor of IgG and may be responsible for causing a hypersensitivity rxn
Exfoliative toxin
This toxin is responsible for the skin lesions in Exudative epidermitis of young pigs by producing an epidermal necrolysis
Fimbriae
This term refers to the hairlike projections on bacterial cell surfaces but especially applies to those that function in adhesion or attachment functions
Facultatively anaerobic bacteria
This term dscribes bacteria that wil grow w/ or w/o oxygen in their growth medium
Binary fission
This term refers to the method of repro of the genus strep
M-protein
This virulence factor of some species of strep is probably responsible for the immne mediated rxns associated w/ strep infetions in humans and horses
Bacteria
In classification, to which domain do the bacteria belong
Iatrogenic infection
Term for an infection in an animal resulting from a vet using poor inoculation techniques while vaccinating an animal
Genotype
This term describes the total genetic complement of the bacteria
Lancefield antigens
These antigens of sterp are used to separate the genus into groups
Papule
In dermatology, this term refers to small solid and usually conical elevations of the skin that do not contain pus
Epidemic
Term referring to a level of disease that is above the usual level for an animal pop.
Lymphadenopathy
This term means swollen or enlarged lymph nodes
Morbidity
Term referring to the number of cases from a given disease in a given pop (time interval specified)
Probiotics
Term for viable microbes given to humans and animals to augment the normal flora of the digestive tract
Pustule
In dermatology this term refers to a small collection of pus in the epidermis or beneath it in the dermis
Nosocomial infection
Term for an infection acquired by an animal during residence in a vet hospital
Entner-Doudoroff pathway
The presence of this biochemical pathway may be inducted by apositive oxidative test for glucose in the O-F medium
Porin
Protein structures in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria that serve for transportation of compounds thru the cell wall
Alpha hemolysis
The hemolytic pattern of the genus strep characterize by partial hemolysis
Psychotroph
In reference to classification by optimal growth temp, where would Listeria monocytogenes be placed?
Limulus Amebocyte lysate
This is the name of the compound that is used by the pharmaceutical industry to test for the presence of endotoxin in pharmaceuticals
Facultatively anaerobic bacteria
The classification of the strep in regards to requirements of atmospheric gases
Alpha toxin
This toxin of staph intermedius produces a complete hemolysis on blood agar
Idiopathic infection
Term for those infections which the diagnostician considered to be self originated or w/o known cause
Plasmids
Small genetic elements taht can be transferred b/t bacterial cells thru conjugation
Translation
Term used for the process of info transfer from RNA to produce proteins
Integrons
Transposon
These 2 terms are neames of mobile genetic elements that serfve to move genes b/t replicons
Catalase
Superoxide disumtase
These 2 enzymes produced by certain bactteria protect tehm from toxic oxygen containing compounds when oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor in energy metabolism
Well demarcated edema
The lesions of purpura hemorrhagica are best characterized by?
depth of the involvement into the skin
When setting up a management plan it is necessary to classify the pyoderma in the dog by the seriousness of the disease. The most useful means of classification seems to be one that is based on?
Subclinical chronic infections
Most of the infections associated Strep agalactiae in dairy cattle would fall into this category?
E
You are treating an idiopathic recurrent pyoderma in a dog. Which of the following statements are false for handling this situation?
a. Immunomodulators are often indicate in therapy
b. Culture procedures are essential in amangement of these cases
c. Long term antibiotics are often indicated in therapy
d. The use of corticosteroids is contrainindicated in these cases
e. None of the above statements are false
Generalized deep pyoderma
This term furunculosis would be most proper in reference to what disease conditions in the dog?
Ampicillin
You are going to treat a 3 month old foal w/ a confirmed case of strep septicemia by intramuscular injection. WHich would be the antimicrobial of choice?
The use of corticosteroids is indicated in these cases
You are treating acute pyotraumatic dermatitis in a dog. What is true about this?
Preventing phagocytosis by neutrophils
The M protein is major virulence factor of streptococcus equi subsp. equi. It aids the bacteria in disease the bacteria by?
Antibiotics should not be given to the horse in any stage of the disease
What is Dr. Philip Johnson’s posistion on the use of antimicrobials in treatment of typical strangles in the horse?
Strep equi subsp equi
This agent is considered to be the cause of Strangles in the horse
Strep canis
This agent has been implicated as a cause of necrotizing fascilitis in dogs
Strep agalactiae
In human medicine, this strep, a common cause of neonatal infections is commonly diagnosed as Group B Strep Infection
Staph aureus
Principal cause of botryomycosis in the horse
Strep pneumoniae
This agent has recently been associated w/ the condition Inflammatory Respiratory Disease in young training thoroughbreds
Strepequi subsp zooepidmicus
This agent is considered to be one of the major causes of endometritis in the horse
Strep suis
This swine pathogen causes serious human infections worldwide that often end in death
Staph hyicus
This agent is the cause of greasy pig disease an exudative epidermitis of young pigs
Staph aureus
This catalase positive bacterium is a common cause of mastitis in cattle
Strep suis
This alpha hemolytic strep is a major cause of meningitis, pneumonia, and septicemia in young pigs
Strep agalactiae
This streptococcal pathogen a common cause of mastitis in dairy cattle is considered to be an obligate intramammary parasite
Strep agalactiae
Strep dysgalactiae subsp dysgalactiae
Strep uberis
These bacteria are the group known as the mastitis streps
Staphy intermedius
Staph schieiferi
These 2 agents are teh bacteria often associated w/ chronic deep pyoderma in dogs
Camp test
The ability of other bacteria to enhance the partial hemolytic zone produced by staph aureus is determined w/ this test
KOH test
Test used to determine the gram reaction of a bacterial isolate
Catalase test
The biochemical test used to separate strep from staph
MacConkey Agar
This is a selective media
VP test
Used to determine if a bacterial isolate produces acetoin
Oxidase test
Major biochemical test used to separate the Gram negative bacteria into 2 major groups
Indole test
A positive test indicates metabolism of tryptophan
Replication
Term used to describe the transfer of info from DNA to DNA to form a new double stranded DNA in repro
Transduction
The name for the process which refers to the transfer of genetic elements b/t bacteria via bacterial viruses
Teichoic acid
This compound is a component of the cell wall of gram positive but not of gram negative bacteria
L forms
Term for bacteria that are devoid of cell walls ( only have a cytoplasmic membrane) altho they are genetically capable of producing cell walls
LPS
Synonym for endotoxin
Psychophile
Term describing bacteria that love to grow at cold temps
N acetylglucosamine
This biochemical compound is a integral component of peptidoglycan
Superantigens
These antigens produced by some gram positive bacteria act as toxins by non specifically stimulating T cells to release cytokines
Peptidoglycan
This compound is a structural component of the cell wall of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Sepsis
A systemic inflammatory response resulting in a severe toxic febrile state due to infection w/ pyogenic bacteria, w/ or w/o an associated septicemia
LPS
Keot- deoxyoctonic acid is an integral component of this biochemical compound
Pentose phosphate shunt
This is one biochemical pathway certain obligatory aerobic bacteria use for oxidative metabolism of glucose to pyruvate
Endotoxin
When a label on an injectable vial states that the contents are pyrogen free it means that the contents do not contain ?
Glycocalyx
Another term used for the slime layers/capsules produced by bacteria
C-reactive protein
This compound is classified as acute phase protein
Siderophores
Theses enzymes aid pathogenic bacteria by chelating body iron so it is available for use by the bacteria
Peptidoglycan
Murein is a synonym for this term
L forms
Term for bacteria that are devoid of cell walls altho they are genetically capable of producing cell walls
Dipicolonic acid
Compound found in the core of endospores that may be responsible for its environmental resistance
Amoxicillin
You are going to treat a 3 month old horse w/ a confirmed case of strep. septicemia. What antibiotic do u use?
Strep pyogenes
This strep, a group a strep, is associated w/ necrotizing fascitis in humans
Oxidative fermentative media
Used to determine if a bacterial isolate can oxidize glucose
MacConkey Agar
Triple Sugar Iron Agar
Two media that can be used to determine if a bacterial isolate can ferment lactose
Idiopathic recurrent pyoderma
Acute pyotraumatic dermatitis
Which cases are corticosteroids indicated for?
Apply hot packs to abscesses
Flush the draining abscesses
Isolate the horse
DO NOT treat w/ Penicillin G
How do you treat a horse w/ lymph node abscessation?
Release of sequestered cells from storage sites
The increase in neutrophil numbers seen in inflammation during the first 24 hours is primarily due to?
Move genes b/t plasmids
In bacterial genetics, the transposon is imporatnt because f its ability to?
Pore forming toxin
This beta hemolysin of staph intermedius is an example of this type of exotoxin which break the permeability barrier of the mammalian cell
AB toxin
This type of exotoxin consists of two parts, one part to bind to the target cell and one part responsible for its toxic activity
Bacteriocin
Antibiotics that affect closely related bacteria, often of the same species
Actin
This protein is part of the cytoskeleton of mammalian cells
Strep pyogenes
This strep most commonly assocaited w/ sore throats in humans
Neutrophilic
The primary cellular response seen in pyogenic inflammatory rxn is?
Of iron starvvation to the bacterial metabolism
According to the article on SRP technology the immune response that is induced protects the animal because?
Non protective
Ab in the animal produced against the Lancefield antigens would be considered?
Immune complex disesase
The lesions of purpura hemorrhagica are thought to be caused by a?
Furunculosis
From symptomatic, patholgoci and treatment perspectives, which of the following conditions of the dogs skin would be the most serious problem if the problem is assocaited w/ a bacterial infection
