export_bact exam 6 2011 Flashcards
Considered to be the cause of Tyzzer’s disease in horses
Clostridium piliforme
Cause of Toxicoinfectious botulism in horses
Clostridium botulinum Type B
This agent produces a toxin (labeled epsilon toxin) that causes damage to and symptoms associated with the central nervous system in cattle
Clostridium perfringens Type D
This agent has been associated with the condition in adult dairy cattle called Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome
Clostridium perfringens Type A
You are a wildlife vet in the Northwest. You are studying the cause of death of 3,000 birds in some shallow ponds near watercourses. The major symptom you saw was a flaccid paralysis w/out recovery in the birds. One bacteria know to cause this type of disease in the Northwest is ______?
Clostridium botulinum Type C
Animal: 3 yr old QH
Symptoms: Uncontrolled paroxysmal spasms of major muscle masses brought on by random stimulus leading to a temporary ridged paralysis
Lesion (live animal): Nail wound in foot
Clostridium tetani
This agent produces a toxin (labeled beta toxin) that causes a necrosis of intestinal epithelium in neonatal calves
Clostridium perfringens Type C
This agent is associated with the disease Acne in humans
Propionibacterium acnes
Agent commonly isolated from ‘Diphtheria’ in cattle
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Animals: Group of 50 yearling cattle in North Dakota (on pasture)
Symptoms: Sudden death in 2 animals
Necropsy (1 animal): Blood didn’t clot, enlarged spleen
Laboratory: Large spore-forming gram positive rod grew on primary aerobic culture
Bacillus anthracis
These 2 species of bacteria act as synergistic agents in pathogenesis of acute foot rot (interdigital phlegmon) in cattle
Fusobacterium necrophorum and Porphyromonas levii
Bacteria from this black-pigmented obligately anaerobic genus are commonly associated with Periodontal disease in dogs
Porphyromonas
Animal: Neonatal calf
Symptoms/Lesions: Sudden death, SI had signs of necrotic bloody enteritis
Lab: Large gram positive rods observed in direct manner
Clostridium perfringens Type C
The obligately anaerobic species is the most common anaerobe isolated from dog lesions
Clostridium perfringens Type A
Animal: Well-nourished 3 wk old foal in Kentucky
Symptoms: Generalized flaccid paralysis of major skeletal muscle masses; foal fails to respond to stimuli
Lesions (foal died): Gastric ulcers were observed
Clostridium botulinum Type B
Two bacteria from 2 different genera that are considered by the CDC to be Class A bioterrorism agents
Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum Type A
Animal: 6 day old foal in MO
Symptoms: Sudden death
Lesions: Multiple foci of hepatic necrosis
Lab: Negative culture on aerobic blood agar
Histopathology: Silver stain of liver lesion, large filamentous bacteria arranged in parallel fashion in hepatocytes
Clostridium piliforme
This bacterial species originally included all the Black-pigmented anaerobic bacteria
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
This Clostridial agent which produces 2 cytotoxins designated at Toxin A and Toxin B has been implicated as a cause of hemorrhagic enterocolitis in young foals
Clostridium difficile
2 genera of obligately anaerobic spirochetes
Brachyspira and Treponema
These 2 agents act as synergistic agents in the pathogenesis of Contagious Digital Epidermatitis (chronic foot rot) in sheep
Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum
2 genera of gram negative non-sporeforming obligately anaerobic rods that do not produce black pigment
Dichelobacter and Fusobacterium (I think this is correct)
Bacteria commonly associated with Canine Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis
Clostridium perfringens Type A
This agent produces a toxin that will cause a generalized rigid spastic paralysis of skeletal muscle in affected horses
Clostridium tetani
Animal: Yearling, well-nourished steer in MO
Symptoms: Sudden death
Lesion: Gas bubbles under skin of left hind leg, large dry dark area in muscle of the leg
Diagnosis: Blackleg
Clostridium chauvoei
The cause of infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease) in cattle
Clostridium novyi
This answer has been fixed
This agent is the cause of anthrax in humans
Bacillus anthracis
This species of gram positive spore-forming rod was originally associated with antibiotic ‘induced’ (overgrowth) digestive tract disease in humans. Subsequently it was identified as a cause of the same type of disease in laboratory animals and has recently been identified as a cause of severe hemorrhagic necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal foals
Clostridium difficile
Fever, anemia, hemoglobinuria were observed in 4 cows from a herd of 50 Holstein cows in WI. Lesions (1 cow died) of anemia and a large liver infarct were seen at necropsy. Large gram positive spore-forming rods were isolated from liver on anaerobic culture.
Clostridium haemolyticum
This agent produces a toxin that causes a generalized flaccid paralysis in ducks and other avian species when ingested from environmental sources.
Clostridium botulinum Type C
Inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis
You have submitted a tissue specimen to a diagnostic laboratory. You request that they stain a histopathologic slide specifically for the cell wall of fungi. They would probably use this stain.
Periodic-Acid-Schiff Stain
2 compounds used in anaerobic culture systems as indicators of Eh
Methylene Blue and Resazurin
This compound is a component of the cell wall of bacteria but not of fungi.
Peptidoglycan
These glycosphingolipids are components of the cell plasma membrane which modulate cell signal transduction events
Gangliosides
A crunching crackling sensation that is felt with gas production by bacteria in tissues
Crepitation
Used in anaerobic culture systems as a reducing agent
Teichoic acid
Term for an infection acquired by an animal during residence in a veterinary hospital
Nosocomial infection
This biochemical pathway is the major energy producing pathway in facultatively anaerobic bacteria but is not present in obligately anaerobic bacteria
Krebs cycle
Compound found in the core of endospores that may be responsible for its environmental resistance.
Dipicolinic acid
Used in anaerobic culture systems as a catalyst
Palladium
These proteins are important in electron transport in the absence of oxygen
Flavodoxins
Used in anaerobic culture systems as a growth stimulant
Carbon dioxide
Product containing specific inactivated exotoxins and used for immunization of animals against those exotoxins
Toxoids
Term that is used to express oxidation reduction potentials
Eh
Term that would describe the method of reproduction of Clostridium perfringens Type A
Binary fission
How would Fusobacterium necrophorum be classified in regards to utilization of oxygen in their environment
Obligately anaerobic bacteria
Term referring to a level of disease that is above the usual level for an animal population
Epidemic
If an animal died due to a lack of oxygen in his system, we would say the animals died of _____?
Anoxia
This compound is the plasmalemma is the target of several antimicrobials
Ergosterol
This biochemical pathway is responsible for anaerobic glycolysis (fermentation) of glucose
Embden-Meyerhof pathway
Compound used by the pharmaceutical industry to test for the presence of pyrogens in pharmaceuticals
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate
In classification, to which ‘Domain’ do the bacteria belong
Bacteria
Term referring to severe problems with breathing
Dyspnea
Term meaning ‘the animal is straining during defecation’
Tenesmus
The name used for the fungal structure that corresponds to the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria
Plasmalemma
Bacterial infections that are characterized by pus formation and abscesses
Pyogenic
An intoxication due to ingestion of toxic metabolites produced by the action of certain molds on some food products
Mycotoxicosis
Inflammation of the muscles
Myositis
Drug of choice to treat a Clostridium difficile infection in a horse
Metronidazole
Drug of choice for treatment of clostridial myositis in a dog
Ampicillin
Trimethoprim is used as a ‘potentiator’ in combination with this drug
Sulfadiazine
This antifungal agent should not be used in cats b/c it may cause serious liver toxicity
Ketoconazole
Drug of choice for treatment of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle
Vancomycin
This years notes state that there is no treatment.
This agent must be used with caution in cats b/c use above 5 mg/kg can cause retinal degeneration
Enrofloxacin
Drug of choice for treatment of Tyzzer’s Disease in a horse
Antimicrobials do not work/fit the given description
2 antimicrobials which are commonly used to treat bacterial infections but which are unlikely to work against anaerobic bacteria
Enrofloxacin and Gentamicin
Drug of choice for treatment of Anthrax in a horse
Ampicillin
You wish to vax a horse for long-term prevention (active immunity) of tetanus
Commercial toxoid
You have an owner who wishes to prevent Necrotic Abomasitis in his calves
Commercial toxoid
You have an owner who wishes to vax his cows to prevent neonatal enterotoxemia in his calves
Commercial bacterin toxoid combination
You have an owner who wishes to prevent Tyzzer’s Disease in his horses
None of the immunizing products listed would be effective or are not available for the described situation
You have an owner who wishes to vax his mares to prevent toxicoinfectious botulism
Commercial toxoid
You have an owner who wishes to prevent periodontal disease in his dogs
Commercial bacterin or whole culture bacterin
You have an owner who wishes to vaccinate to prevent Anthrax in his cattle on pasture
Commercial modified or avirulent live vaccine
You have an owner who wishes to prevent Blackleg in his feedlot steers
Commercial bacterin or whole culture bacterin
You have just castrated a horse with an unknown vaccination history. You wish to prevent tetanus.
Commercial antitoxin
You have an owner who wishes to prevent disease caused by Clostridium difficile in his horses.
None of the immunizing products listed would be effective or are not available for the described situation
List mechanism of diarrhea:
Enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens Type C infection in a neonatal calf
Increased permeability
List mechanism of diarrhea:
Nutritional diarrhea in an orphaned foal fed milk replacer
Osmotic effects with subsequent malabsorption
List mechanism of diarrhea:
Rotavirus infection in a calf
Malabsorption due to villous atrophy
List mechanism of diarrhea:
Food poisoning in humans due to Clostridium perfringens Type A
hypersecretion
The inciting lesions allowing bacterial overgrowth in Canine Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis are probably due to this toxin
Endotoxins
The cells mainly responsible for intestinal absorption of fluids are:
Non-proliferative mature villous epithelium
There are 3 protein fractions that compose the exotoxin of Bacillus anthracis. What fraction in necessary for the activity of the other 2 fractions.
Protective antigen
Doxycycline, in regards to site of action in the bacteria, affects:
Process of Translation
Doxycyline, in regards to use in the patient, and action on the bacteria are:
Bacteriostatic and Time dependent
What is the most important procedure in the routine confirmation of a diagnosis of Tyzzer’s Disease in a foal?
Demonstration of bacteria on histopathology
The best tissue (considering all factors) for bacteriological culture to send to a diagnostic laboratory from an 800-pound dead steer that you suspect has anthrax would be:
Jugular blood sample
How would you classify disease caused by Clostridium botulinum?
Intoxication without major infections
In clostridium haemolyticum infections in cattle the major site of infection is the:
Liver
