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Bacteriology IP5 > export_bact exam 6 2011 > Flashcards

export_bact exam 6 2011 Flashcards

1
Q

Considered to be the cause of Tyzzer’s disease in horses

A

Clostridium piliforme

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2
Q

Cause of Toxicoinfectious botulism in horses

A

Clostridium botulinum Type B

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3
Q

This agent produces a toxin (labeled epsilon toxin) that causes damage to and symptoms associated with the central nervous system in cattle

A

Clostridium perfringens Type D

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4
Q

This agent has been associated with the condition in adult dairy cattle called Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome

A

Clostridium perfringens Type A

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5
Q

You are a wildlife vet in the Northwest. You are studying the cause of death of 3,000 birds in some shallow ponds near watercourses. The major symptom you saw was a flaccid paralysis w/out recovery in the birds. One bacteria know to cause this type of disease in the Northwest is ______?

A

Clostridium botulinum Type C

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6
Q

Animal: 3 yr old QH
Symptoms: Uncontrolled paroxysmal spasms of major muscle masses brought on by random stimulus leading to a temporary ridged paralysis
Lesion (live animal): Nail wound in foot

A

Clostridium tetani

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7
Q

This agent produces a toxin (labeled beta toxin) that causes a necrosis of intestinal epithelium in neonatal calves

A

Clostridium perfringens Type C

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8
Q

This agent is associated with the disease Acne in humans

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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9
Q

Agent commonly isolated from ‘Diphtheria’ in cattle

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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10
Q

Animals: Group of 50 yearling cattle in North Dakota (on pasture)
Symptoms: Sudden death in 2 animals
Necropsy (1 animal): Blood didn’t clot, enlarged spleen
Laboratory: Large spore-forming gram positive rod grew on primary aerobic culture

A

Bacillus anthracis

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11
Q

These 2 species of bacteria act as synergistic agents in pathogenesis of acute foot rot (interdigital phlegmon) in cattle

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum and Porphyromonas levii

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12
Q

Bacteria from this black-pigmented obligately anaerobic genus are commonly associated with Periodontal disease in dogs

A

Porphyromonas

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13
Q

Animal: Neonatal calf
Symptoms/Lesions: Sudden death, SI had signs of necrotic bloody enteritis
Lab: Large gram positive rods observed in direct manner

A

Clostridium perfringens Type C

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14
Q

The obligately anaerobic species is the most common anaerobe isolated from dog lesions

A

Clostridium perfringens Type A

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15
Q

Animal: Well-nourished 3 wk old foal in Kentucky
Symptoms: Generalized flaccid paralysis of major skeletal muscle masses; foal fails to respond to stimuli
Lesions (foal died): Gastric ulcers were observed

A

Clostridium botulinum Type B

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16
Q

Two bacteria from 2 different genera that are considered by the CDC to be Class A bioterrorism agents

A

Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum Type A

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17
Q

Animal: 6 day old foal in MO
Symptoms: Sudden death
Lesions: Multiple foci of hepatic necrosis
Lab: Negative culture on aerobic blood agar
Histopathology: Silver stain of liver lesion, large filamentous bacteria arranged in parallel fashion in hepatocytes

A

Clostridium piliforme

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18
Q

This bacterial species originally included all the Black-pigmented anaerobic bacteria

A

Bacteroides melaninogenicus

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19
Q

This Clostridial agent which produces 2 cytotoxins designated at Toxin A and Toxin B has been implicated as a cause of hemorrhagic enterocolitis in young foals

A

Clostridium difficile

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20
Q

2 genera of obligately anaerobic spirochetes

A

Brachyspira and Treponema

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21
Q

These 2 agents act as synergistic agents in the pathogenesis of Contagious Digital Epidermatitis (chronic foot rot) in sheep

A

Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum

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22
Q

2 genera of gram negative non-sporeforming obligately anaerobic rods that do not produce black pigment

A

Dichelobacter and Fusobacterium (I think this is correct)

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23
Q

Bacteria commonly associated with Canine Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis

A

Clostridium perfringens Type A

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24
Q

This agent produces a toxin that will cause a generalized rigid spastic paralysis of skeletal muscle in affected horses

A

Clostridium tetani

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25
Q

Animal: Yearling, well-nourished steer in MO
Symptoms: Sudden death
Lesion: Gas bubbles under skin of left hind leg, large dry dark area in muscle of the leg
Diagnosis: Blackleg

A

Clostridium chauvoei

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26
Q

The cause of infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease) in cattle

A

Clostridium novyi

This answer has been fixed

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27
Q

This agent is the cause of anthrax in humans

A

Bacillus anthracis

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28
Q

This species of gram positive spore-forming rod was originally associated with antibiotic ‘induced’ (overgrowth) digestive tract disease in humans. Subsequently it was identified as a cause of the same type of disease in laboratory animals and has recently been identified as a cause of severe hemorrhagic necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal foals

A

Clostridium difficile

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29
Q

Fever, anemia, hemoglobinuria were observed in 4 cows from a herd of 50 Holstein cows in WI. Lesions (1 cow died) of anemia and a large liver infarct were seen at necropsy. Large gram positive spore-forming rods were isolated from liver on anaerobic culture.

A

Clostridium haemolyticum

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30
Q

This agent produces a toxin that causes a generalized flaccid paralysis in ducks and other avian species when ingested from environmental sources.

A

Clostridium botulinum Type C

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31
Q

Inflammation of the liver

A

Hepatitis

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32
Q

You have submitted a tissue specimen to a diagnostic laboratory. You request that they stain a histopathologic slide specifically for the cell wall of fungi. They would probably use this stain.

A

Periodic-Acid-Schiff Stain

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33
Q

2 compounds used in anaerobic culture systems as indicators of Eh

A

Methylene Blue and Resazurin

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34
Q

This compound is a component of the cell wall of bacteria but not of fungi.

A

Peptidoglycan

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35
Q

These glycosphingolipids are components of the cell plasma membrane which modulate cell signal transduction events

A

Gangliosides

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36
Q

A crunching crackling sensation that is felt with gas production by bacteria in tissues

A

Crepitation

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37
Q

Used in anaerobic culture systems as a reducing agent

A

Teichoic acid

38
Q

Term for an infection acquired by an animal during residence in a veterinary hospital

A

Nosocomial infection

39
Q

This biochemical pathway is the major energy producing pathway in facultatively anaerobic bacteria but is not present in obligately anaerobic bacteria

A

Krebs cycle

40
Q

Compound found in the core of endospores that may be responsible for its environmental resistance.

A

Dipicolinic acid

41
Q

Used in anaerobic culture systems as a catalyst

A

Palladium

42
Q

These proteins are important in electron transport in the absence of oxygen

A

Flavodoxins

43
Q

Used in anaerobic culture systems as a growth stimulant

A

Carbon dioxide

44
Q

Product containing specific inactivated exotoxins and used for immunization of animals against those exotoxins

A

Toxoids

45
Q

Term that is used to express oxidation reduction potentials

A

Eh

46
Q

Term that would describe the method of reproduction of Clostridium perfringens Type A

A

Binary fission

47
Q

How would Fusobacterium necrophorum be classified in regards to utilization of oxygen in their environment

A

Obligately anaerobic bacteria

48
Q

Term referring to a level of disease that is above the usual level for an animal population

A

Epidemic

49
Q

If an animal died due to a lack of oxygen in his system, we would say the animals died of _____?

A

Anoxia

50
Q

This compound is the plasmalemma is the target of several antimicrobials

A

Ergosterol

51
Q

This biochemical pathway is responsible for anaerobic glycolysis (fermentation) of glucose

A

Embden-Meyerhof pathway

52
Q

Compound used by the pharmaceutical industry to test for the presence of pyrogens in pharmaceuticals

A

Limulus Amebocyte Lysate

53
Q

In classification, to which ‘Domain’ do the bacteria belong

A

Bacteria

54
Q

Term referring to severe problems with breathing

A

Dyspnea

55
Q

Term meaning ‘the animal is straining during defecation’

A

Tenesmus

56
Q

The name used for the fungal structure that corresponds to the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria

A

Plasmalemma

57
Q

Bacterial infections that are characterized by pus formation and abscesses

A

Pyogenic

58
Q

An intoxication due to ingestion of toxic metabolites produced by the action of certain molds on some food products

A

Mycotoxicosis

59
Q

Inflammation of the muscles

A

Myositis

60
Q

Drug of choice to treat a Clostridium difficile infection in a horse

A

Metronidazole

61
Q

Drug of choice for treatment of clostridial myositis in a dog

A

Ampicillin

62
Q

Trimethoprim is used as a ‘potentiator’ in combination with this drug

A

Sulfadiazine

63
Q

This antifungal agent should not be used in cats b/c it may cause serious liver toxicity

A

Ketoconazole

64
Q

Drug of choice for treatment of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle

A

Vancomycin

This years notes state that there is no treatment.

65
Q

This agent must be used with caution in cats b/c use above 5 mg/kg can cause retinal degeneration

A

Enrofloxacin

66
Q

Drug of choice for treatment of Tyzzer’s Disease in a horse

A

Antimicrobials do not work/fit the given description

67
Q

2 antimicrobials which are commonly used to treat bacterial infections but which are unlikely to work against anaerobic bacteria

A

Enrofloxacin and Gentamicin

68
Q

Drug of choice for treatment of Anthrax in a horse

A

Ampicillin

69
Q

You wish to vax a horse for long-term prevention (active immunity) of tetanus

A

Commercial toxoid

70
Q

You have an owner who wishes to prevent Necrotic Abomasitis in his calves

A

Commercial toxoid

71
Q

You have an owner who wishes to vax his cows to prevent neonatal enterotoxemia in his calves

A

Commercial bacterin toxoid combination

72
Q

You have an owner who wishes to prevent Tyzzer’s Disease in his horses

A

None of the immunizing products listed would be effective or are not available for the described situation

73
Q

You have an owner who wishes to vax his mares to prevent toxicoinfectious botulism

A

Commercial toxoid

74
Q

You have an owner who wishes to prevent periodontal disease in his dogs

A

Commercial bacterin or whole culture bacterin

75
Q

You have an owner who wishes to vaccinate to prevent Anthrax in his cattle on pasture

A

Commercial modified or avirulent live vaccine

76
Q

You have an owner who wishes to prevent Blackleg in his feedlot steers

A

Commercial bacterin or whole culture bacterin

77
Q

You have just castrated a horse with an unknown vaccination history. You wish to prevent tetanus.

A

Commercial antitoxin

78
Q

You have an owner who wishes to prevent disease caused by Clostridium difficile in his horses.

A

None of the immunizing products listed would be effective or are not available for the described situation

79
Q

List mechanism of diarrhea:

Enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens Type C infection in a neonatal calf

A

Increased permeability

80
Q

List mechanism of diarrhea:

Nutritional diarrhea in an orphaned foal fed milk replacer

A

Osmotic effects with subsequent malabsorption

81
Q

List mechanism of diarrhea:

Rotavirus infection in a calf

A

Malabsorption due to villous atrophy

82
Q

List mechanism of diarrhea:

Food poisoning in humans due to Clostridium perfringens Type A

A

hypersecretion

83
Q

The inciting lesions allowing bacterial overgrowth in Canine Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis are probably due to this toxin

A

Endotoxins

84
Q

The cells mainly responsible for intestinal absorption of fluids are:

A

Non-proliferative mature villous epithelium

85
Q

There are 3 protein fractions that compose the exotoxin of Bacillus anthracis. What fraction in necessary for the activity of the other 2 fractions.

A

Protective antigen

86
Q

Doxycycline, in regards to site of action in the bacteria, affects:

A

Process of Translation

87
Q

Doxycyline, in regards to use in the patient, and action on the bacteria are:

A

Bacteriostatic and Time dependent

88
Q

What is the most important procedure in the routine confirmation of a diagnosis of Tyzzer’s Disease in a foal?

A

Demonstration of bacteria on histopathology

89
Q

The best tissue (considering all factors) for bacteriological culture to send to a diagnostic laboratory from an 800-pound dead steer that you suspect has anthrax would be:

A

Jugular blood sample

90
Q

How would you classify disease caused by Clostridium botulinum?

A

Intoxication without major infections

91
Q

In clostridium haemolyticum infections in cattle the major site of infection is the:

A

Liver

Bacteriology IP5 (12 decks)

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