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History Grade 6 > Explorers from Europe find Southern Africa Term 2 > Flashcards

Explorers from Europe find Southern Africa Term 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was a turning point in European history in the 15th and 16th century that caused significant change and where did this change start and why?

A

The Renaissance - started in italy - trade routes passed through Italy which resulted in both money and culture being bought into the region.

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2
Q

What was a turning point in European history in the 15th and 16th century that caused significant change?

A

The Renaissance

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3
Q

What did people do during this great creative period of the Renaissance and what catalysed this creativity?

A

During this period people began to invent, think about things, paint, build and explore much more than they ever had before in the past. Hisytorians believe that this burst of creativity arose from Europeans making contact with other cultures. Ideas from these other cultures inspired them to make beautiful buildings and artworks, invent useful things, think about science, and travel and explore their world.

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4
Q

How were artists and buildings funded during the renaissance?

A

Through trade Europe had made contact with Africa and the Arab world.Traders bought back spices and gold to sell to Italian traders in Europe. The traders resold the spices at very high prices and soon the cities of Genoa and Venice were rich. Money was used to commission artists to build beautiful buildings and paint pictures. The ideas they got from the Arab traders also influenced the things they made and invented.

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5
Q

What did people do during this great creative period of the Renaissance and what catalysed this creativity?

A

During this period people began to invent, think about things, paint, build and explore much more than they ever had before in the past. Hisytorians believe that this burst of creativity arose from Europeans making contact with other cultures. Ideas from these other cultures inspired them to make beautiful buildings and artworks, invent useful things, think about science, and travel and explore their world.

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6
Q

How were artists and buildings funded during the renaissance?

A

Through trade Europe had made contact with Africa and the Arab world.Traders bought back spices and gold to sell to Italian traders in Europe. The traders resold the spices at very high prices and soon the cities of Genoa and Venice were rich. Money was used to commission artists to build beautiful buildings and paint pictures. The ideas they got from the Arab traders also influenced the things they made and invented.

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7
Q

What was life like in Europe prior to the Renaissance and what was this period called?

A

During the middle ages many people lived in terrible conditions. They believed that life was supposed to be difficult and that they should not expect to have any comforts.

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8
Q

What caused the Renaissance and what result did this have on the Italians?

A

As the italians began to be exposed to and learnt about the Roman and Greek ways through trade, they began to believe that life could be more comfortable through becoming richer and wealthier. The effect was that Italians started to think about things differently in order to improve their standard of living. They started learning new skills, inventing new things and exploring much more.

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9
Q

What is the Renaissance?

A

The Renaissance was the beginning of modern science as people became interested in and began to study the natural world, science, biology, anatomy, astrology, mathematics and engineering. In the 15th and 16th centuries people began to invent, paint, build and explore much more than they ever had in the past - it was a very creative time. Historians believe it started in Italy where numerous trade routes would pass through which resulted in money and culture coming to the region. Italians were exposed to Greek and Roman ideas through trade and began to believe life could be more comfortable through attaining wealth. They began to think about things differently in order to improve their standard of living (humanism). They started learning new skills, inventing new things and exploring much more. It was a period in history of “coming out of the dark” It was a rebirth of music, education, art, literature, science and a better life for people in general.

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10
Q

What two inventions enabled global exploration?

A

Gun powder and the magnetic compass

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11
Q

Where did gold come from?

A

Great Zimbabwe/Mpungubwe

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12
Q

Where did spices come from?

A

India

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13
Q

Where did gun powder originally come from, what was it used for, and how did it get to Europe?

A

Historians believe gun powder was invented in China thousands of years ago. It was first used in fireworks to chase away evil spirits. Later they worked out it could be used in a weapon. Some historians believe that the information about gun powder was bought to Europe by traders from China and India - like Marco Polo.

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14
Q

How did gunpowder enable exploration?

A

Gunpowder helped Europeans to explore the world. Canons and guns made it possible for Portugal to take control of towns along the coast of Africa. Portuguese sailors used these ports as places to stop on longer journeys.

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15
Q

Give two reasons why europeans wanted to explore the world?

A
  • Europeans wanted to find a way to get the spices and other treasures they wanted from the East so they did not have to pay high prices that the Arab traders charged them.
  • They also wanted to spread the Christian religion all over the world.
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16
Q

What is the name of a person who makes maps?

A

A cartographer

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17
Q

Describe how ships were modified during the renaissance and name one example of new style of ship.

A

Ships had to be designed to be lighter and stronger to travel for longer periods of time across many miles of ocean. The caravel carried 20 people and could move quickly and easily in the water. Ships plus instruments, plus maps and gunpowder empowered them to travel the world.

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18
Q

Give two reasons why europeans wanted to explore the world?

A

Europeans wanted to find a way to get the spices and other treasures they wanted from the East so they did not have to pay high prices that the arab traders charged them. They also wanted to spread the Christian religion all over the world.

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19
Q

Why was Leonardo de Vinci one of the most important people during the Renaissance?

A 
Apart from being an incredible artist, he was also an:
inventor
scientist
mathematician
engineer
writer
musician and more
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20
Q

Renaissance people - describe Leonardos early life - when and where he was born and a few other facts

A

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was born in the 15th April 1452 in a small village of Vinco in Tuscany, Italy. He had little early education, other than a local priest who taught him to read and write and count using an abacus.

21
Q

Describe Leonardo’s most famous painting, and where it can be found. List three other well known paintings.

A

The Mona Lisa, found in the Louvre museum in Paris. Three other well known paintings include:

  • the last supper
  • the skylight
  • Vitruvian man
22
Q

How did Leonardo’s fascination with science and anatomy help his work as a painter?

A

He loved studying the anatomy of the human body so he could paint it better. He created hundreds of detailed drawings to show the relationship between himan proportions and geometry. The Vitruvian Man artwork is an example of one such drawing.

23
Q

What evidence is there that Leonardo de Vinci was also an inventor?

A

Engineering drawings and plans with his signature on them reveal that he was always inventing mschines - especially ones that could fly. Flight was of particular interest to him. He studied birds and created plans for flying machines that resemble hang gliders and helicopters.

24
Q

Renaissance people - focus on Galileo. When and where was he born and give a few facts about his early life.

A

Galileo Galilei was born on the 15th February 1564. He was born in Pisa, in Italy where he later carried out his studies and experimented in mechanics.

25
Q

What was Galileo famous for and what major inventions and ideas was he responsible for?

A

He was a physicist, mathematician and astronomer.

  • He used astronomy, the sea and tides to show that the Earth rotates around the sun
  • He improved the telescope and used it to look at the universe and moon - and from doing this he discovered that the moon is not perfectly round
  • He discovered tat everything falls at the same speed.
  • He also discovered the earth was round and not flat
26
Q

Why did Galileo get into trouble with church leaders?

A

-Church leaders believed that everything revolved around the earth and that it was flat. Galileo proved this theory wrong through his experiments but was told to keep his discovery quiet.

27
Q

Who was the first European sailor to attempt to find his way to the East?

A

Bartholomeu Dias

28
Q

Where did Dias and his crew manage to travel to?

A

Algoa Bay - PE - before they turned back to Portugal

29
Q

Who was the second European sailor who explored the same area ten years later?

A

Vasco da Gama

30
Q

Where did da Gama manage to sail to?

A

Port Calicut in India

31
Q

Why do you think Dias sailors were afraid and made him turn back?

A
  • they were travelling far from home to an unknown land
  • they could not understand or communicate with the Khoikhoi - language barrier
  • they looked different in race and dress - perhaps fears of canibalism
  • the Khoikhoi ran away from them and they were not sure what they were going to do
32
Q

Name two groups of people that helped da Gama along the way to India. How did they each help?

A

The khoikhoi traded with them for food and they bought an ox

The Arabs showed him how to use the Monsoon winds to get to India

33
Q

Why was it important to the people in Europe that the sailors made the journey around Africa?

A

they wanted to establish a trade route to India so that they could trade directly with them without having to pay Arabs high prices for spices and treasures.

34
Q

What year did Dias begin his sailing trip?

A

1487

35
Q

What did Dias do to get food supplies on his travels?

A

Traded with the Khoikhoi

36
Q

What year did da Gama start his travels?

A

1497

37
Q

Which European traded had the most boats and how many did he have?

A

da Gama - 4

38
Q

Why did da Gama not follow Dias’ route of travelling along the African coast line?

A

to avoid strong winds and rough seas on the coastline

39
Q

what is a dhow?

A

An Arab ship/boat

40
Q

Why were there so many Arab Dhows filled with African goods?

A

The Arabs were trading with the Africans

41
Q

When did de Gama reach India

A

May 1498

42
Q

Who were the most important traders in Europe by 1590?

A

the dutch

43
Q

In 1590 the dutch wanted to establish another trade route - which one was this?

A

A route to the spice islands

44
Q

Which company was given a license to set up trading posts to the spice islands and when did they start?

A

The VOC or Dutch East India company and trade started in the spice islands in 1611

45
Q

What did the men die of during the long voyage to the spice islands? What did the VOC do to prevent men from dying during the long voyage?

A

Scurvy and malnutrition. In 1652 they sent a small community of 90 men, woman and children, led by Jan van Riebeek to set up a fort and grow vegetables to supply the passing sailors.

46
Q

What was humanism? Give 5 facts.

A
  • Humanism was the significant intellectual movement of the Renaissance
  • The movement of humanism believes human needs and values as more important than religious beliefs
  • Humanism is the term used to describe the values and ideals of the European Renaissance
  • It was based on the belief that ancient Greek and Roman philosophical works gave the best guides for learning and living.
  • It created a new form of education
47
Q

IN the year of ____, during the Renaissance, ________ theorised that the earth revolved around the sun. Who proved him to be correct in later years?

A

1543

Nicolaus Copernicus

48
Q

What invention enabled the spread of knowledge, thoughts and opinions more rapidly?

A

The printing press

49
Q

The renaissance was a time of great exploration. List three explorers and the places they discovered.

A

Christopher Columbus - crossed the Atlantic to the Americas
Vasco de Gama sailed around Africa to reach India
Bartholomeu Dias sailed around Africa as far as Algoa Bay
Many explorers sailed the seas in search of trade routes to the far East

History Grade 6 (13 decks)

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