Discoveries which made surgery possible- Term 4 Flashcards
List 4 discoveries which made surgery possible
- Anesthetic
- Avoiding infection by washing hands
- Blood transfusions
- X-rays
Explain Anaesthetic in detail. (3)
Anaesthetic-
Keeps patient asleep during surgery.
Stops patient from feeling pain during surgery.
In 1842, William Morton used an anaesthetic that people breathed in.
Explain avoiding infection in detail.(3)
Avoiding infection-
!946 scientists realized germs could be spread through dirty hands.
Ignaz Semmelweis was the doctor who realized that patients who were treated by doctors who had recently been working with corpses, were dying.
He introduced hand washing to prevent this.
Explain Blood transfusions in detail.(4)
A blood transfusion is an injection of a volume of blood, which has previously been taken from a healthy person, into a patient.
In the 1600s, an attempt was made to transfuse blood from animals to people, but the patients died.
In 1818 James Blundell did a successful blood transplant from husband into a wife.
Much later on scientists discovered how to store blood, making surgery possible.
Explain X-rays in detail.(2)
Electromagnetic rays are used to penetrate the skin.
This allowed the doctors to whats going on inside the patients body.
What are 2 key functions of anaesthetics during surgery?
- They keep the patient asleep during the surgery.
2. They stop people from feeling pain during the surgery.
Who invented the type of anaesthetic that we use today and when did this occur?
1842, William Morton invented the anaesthetic that people inhale.
How is William Morton’s anaesthetics administered?
Given to the patient, who inhales it.
Identify 2 different cultures and the substances they used for anaesthetics?
Greeks- used opium
Incas- chewed cocoa leaves and spat into the wound
In the year _____, scientists discovered that germs could be spread through _______ ______.
1946, dirty hands
How were doctors trying to replace blood in the 17th century?
They tried to transfuse blood from animals like calves into humans. They were unsuccessful- all the patients died.
When and whom used a woman’s husband’s blood to replace her own?
1818, a doctor named James Blundell.
What did scientists and doctors need to discover before they could do surgery?
How to store blood
What type of rays do doctors use for X-rays?
Electromagnetic rays
How do x-rays work and what do they achieve?
They penetrate the skin and allow doctors to see whats going on inside the patients body.
