explanations of forgetting Flashcards
what is proactive interference?
when previous information interferes with new information
give an example
what is retroactive interference?
when new information interferes with previous information
give an example
when does interference occur?
when new information is being learned is similar to old information causing cognitive connections to become confused
research + interference
Underwood
the more nonsense syllable words in a list students had previously learnt the more likely it would be to forget new nonsense syllable words after 24hrs
PROACTIVE
research - interference
lab
validity + interference
give examples of day to day experiences for both types
MAKES logical sense
‘memory trace’…?
a memory trace is laid down and retained in a memory store as a result of original perception of an event with its COMPLETE surroundings
what is a retrieval cue?
a piece of information in a persons cognitive environment at the time of encoding which MATCHES the time when recalled
what is the encoding specify principle?
the greater the similarity between encoding and retrieval event the more likelihood of recalling the original memory
What are the 3 types of cues?
context(environment)
state(Internal)
organisational
what is an organisational cue?
a type of context cue where we arrange and structure knowledge and material
acronyms
Research + of absence of cues
Baker et al
male students randomly into 4 groups
they either did or didn’t chew gum when learning a 15 word list in 2 mins
and either did or didn’t chew gum at recall
gum both times = 11 words
gum no times =8.5 words
gum then none= 7
none then gum= 8
Research - of absence of cues
the gum itself may have been a factor
no statistical analysis
theory - of absence of cues
doesn’t explain all situations such as how after emotionally threatening we can repress the event into the unconscious mind
Practical application + of absence of cues
helps us see how we can improve memory jogging in crimes by reconstruction of an event.
