EXPE Chapter 3: Alternatives to Experimentation Nonexperimental Designs

Question 1

do not create levels of an independent variable nor randomly assign subjects to these levels.

Answer 1

Nonexperimental approaches

Question 2

the degree to which a researcher can establish a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Answer 2

Internal validity

Question 3

the degree to which research findings can be generalized to other settings and individuals.

Answer 3

External validity

Question 4

description of an individual’s immediate experience. describes behavior but does not explain.

Answer 4

Phenomenology

Question 5

descriptive record of a single individual’s experiences or behaviors or both kept by an outside observer, often used in clinical psychology

Answer 5

Case Study

Question 6

Case Study

Answer 6

they are a source of inferences.
source for developing therapy techniques.
allow the study of rare phenomena.
provide exceptions.
have persuasive and motivational value.

Question 7

technique of observing behaviors as they occur spontaneously in natural settings

Answer 7

Naturalistic Observation Studies

Question 8

researcher actually becomes part of the group being studied

Answer 8

Participant-Observer Studies

Question 9

a descriptive method in which already existing records are reexamined for a new purpose.

Answer 9

Archival Studies

Question 10

a research dealing with phenomena that are difficult to or impossible to quantify mathematically, such as beliefs, meanings, attributes and symbols.

Answer 10

Qualitative Research