DEV Chapter 8: Middle Adulthood Part 1

Question 1

refers to the period of the lifespan between early adulthood and late adulthood. Although ages and tasks are culturally defined, the most common age definition is from 45 to 65.

Answer 1

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD, OR MIDLIFE

Question 2

biological factors, such as molecular and cellular changes, and oxidative damage

Answer 2

PRIMARY AGING

Question 3

aging that occurs due to controllable factors, such as an unhealthy lifestyle including lack of physical exercise and poor diet

Answer 3

SECONDARY AGING

Question 4

PHYSICAL CHANGES

Answer 4

Hair - thinning out/going grey
Skin - dry out/wrinkling
Lungs - thin bones = shape of rib cage shape/loss of lung expansion

Question 5

The loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging.

Answer 5

SARCOPENIA

Question 6

SENSORY CHANGES

Answer 6

Vision - change of the eye due
to age
Hearing - hearing problems increase

Question 7

loss of elasticity in the lens of the eye that makes it harder for the eye to focus on objects that are closer to the person

Answer 7

PRESBYOPIA

Question 8

little spots or “cobwebs” that float around the field of vision

Answer 8

FLOATERS

Question 9

the ability to see in dimmer light

Answer 9

SCOTOPIC SENSITIVITY

Question 10

occurs when the eye does not produce tears properly, or when the tears evaporate too quickly because they are not the correct consistency

Answer 10

DRY EYE SYNDROME

Question 11

heart defects and heart rhythm problems, as well as narrowed, blocked,
or stiffened blood vessels referred to as cardiovascular disease

Answer 11

Heart Disease

Question 12

a buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries, is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease.

Answer 12

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Question 13

HEART DISEASE RISK FACTORS

Answer 13

ADVANCED AGE-INCREASED RISK - for narrowed arteries and weakened or thickened heart muscle.

SEX-MALES ARE AT GREATER RISK - but a female’s risk increases after menopause.

FAMILY HISTORY-INCREASED RISK - especially if male parent or brother developed heart disease before age 55 or female parent or sister developed heart disease before age 65.

SMOKING-NICOTINE - constricts blood vessels and carbon monoxide damages the inner lining.

POOR DIET - a diet high in fat, salt, sugar, and cholesterol.

EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION - alcohol can raise the level of bad fats in the blood and increase blood pressure

STRESS-UNRELIEVED STRESS - can damage arteries and worsen other risk factors.

POOR HYGIENE - establishing good hygiene habits can prevent viral or bacterial infections that can affect the heart. Poor dental care can also contribute to heart disease.

Question 14

a serious health problem that occurs when the blood
flows with a greater force than normal.

Answer 14

Hypertension, or high blood pressure

Question 15

(first number) the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart beats

Answer 15

SYSTOLIC PRESSURE

Question 16

(second number) the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart is at rest.

Answer 16

DIASTOLIC PRESSURE

Question 17

the name given to a collection of related diseases in which the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues. After heart disease, the second leading cause of death for Americans in 2017

Answer 17

CANCER

Question 18

extra cells can divide, and form growths called _______ which are typically masses of tissue.

Answer 18

TUMORS

Question 19

means they can invade nearby tissues.

Answer 19

MALIGNANT

Question 20

do not invade nearby tissues. can sometimes be quite large, and when removed usually do not grow back.

Answer 20

BENIGN TUMORS

Question 21

means cancer cells can break from where they first formed

Answer 21

metastasize

Question 22

where cancer cells are first formed

Answer 22

PRIMARY CANCER

Question 23

a waxy fatty substance carried by lipoprotein molecules in the blood. It is created by the body to create hormones and digest fatty foods.

Answer 23

CHOLESTEROL

Question 24

makes up the majority of the body’s cholesterol, however, it is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol because at high levels it can form plaque in the arteries leading to heart attack and stroke.

Answer 24

LDL CHOLESTEROL

Question 25

often referred to as “good” cholesterol, absorbs cholesterol and carries it back to the liver, where it is then flushed from the body.

Answer 25

HDL CHOLESTEROL

Question 26

third type of fat in the blood used for energy.

Answer 26

TRIGLYCERIDES

Question 27

disease in which the body does not control the amount of glucose in the blood.

Answer 27

DIABETES MELLITUS

Question 28

a type of hormone that helps glucose in the blood enter cells to give them energy.

Answer 28

INSULIN

Question 29

a disorder in which the cells in the muscles, liver, and fat tissue do not use insulin properly (type 2 diabetes)

Answer 29

INSULIN RESISTANCE

Question 30

damage to the small blood vessels in the retina that may lead to loss of vision

Answer 30

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Question 31

a cluster of several cardiometabolic risk factors, including large waist circumference, high blood pressure, and elevated triglycerides, LDL, and blood glucose levels, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease

Answer 31

METABOLIC SYNDROME

Question 32

an inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function in the joints

Answer 32

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)

Question 33

called acid indigestion or pyrosis, is a common digestive problem in adults and is the result of stomach acid backing up into the esophagus.

Answer 33

HEARTBURN

Question 34

hard particles, including fatty materials, bile pigments, and calcium deposits, that can develop in the gallbladder.

Answer 34

GALLSTONES

Question 35

SLEEP

Answer 35

Adults require at least 7 hours of sleep per night to avoid the health risks associated with chronic sleep deprivation.