DEV Chapter 8: Middle Adulthood Part 1 Flashcards
refers to the period of the lifespan between early adulthood and late adulthood. Although ages and tasks are culturally defined, the most common age definition is from 45 to 65.
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD, OR MIDLIFE
biological factors, such as molecular and cellular changes, and oxidative damage
PRIMARY AGING
aging that occurs due to controllable factors, such as an unhealthy lifestyle including lack of physical exercise and poor diet
SECONDARY AGING
PHYSICAL CHANGES
Hair - thinning out/going grey
Skin - dry out/wrinkling
Lungs - thin bones = shape of rib cage shape/loss of lung expansion
The loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging.
SARCOPENIA
SENSORY CHANGES
Vision - change of the eye due
to age
Hearing - hearing problems increase
loss of elasticity in the lens of the eye that makes it harder for the eye to focus on objects that are closer to the person
PRESBYOPIA
little spots or “cobwebs” that float around the field of vision
FLOATERS
the ability to see in dimmer light
SCOTOPIC SENSITIVITY
occurs when the eye does not produce tears properly, or when the tears evaporate too quickly because they are not the correct consistency
DRY EYE SYNDROME
heart defects and heart rhythm problems, as well as narrowed, blocked,
or stiffened blood vessels referred to as cardiovascular disease
Heart Disease
a buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries, is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
HEART DISEASE RISK FACTORS
ADVANCED AGE-INCREASED RISK - for narrowed arteries and weakened or thickened heart muscle.
SEX-MALES ARE AT GREATER RISK - but a female’s risk increases after menopause.
FAMILY HISTORY-INCREASED RISK - especially if male parent or brother developed heart disease before age 55 or female parent or sister developed heart disease before age 65.
SMOKING-NICOTINE - constricts blood vessels and carbon monoxide damages the inner lining.
POOR DIET - a diet high in fat, salt, sugar, and cholesterol.
EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION - alcohol can raise the level of bad fats in the blood and increase blood pressure
STRESS-UNRELIEVED STRESS - can damage arteries and worsen other risk factors.
POOR HYGIENE - establishing good hygiene habits can prevent viral or bacterial infections that can affect the heart. Poor dental care can also contribute to heart disease.
a serious health problem that occurs when the blood
flows with a greater force than normal.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure
(first number) the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart beats
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE
(second number) the pressure in the blood vessels when the heart is at rest.
DIASTOLIC PRESSURE
the name given to a collection of related diseases in which the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues. After heart disease, the second leading cause of death for Americans in 2017
CANCER
extra cells can divide, and form growths called _______ which are typically masses of tissue.
TUMORS
means they can invade nearby tissues.
MALIGNANT
do not invade nearby tissues. can sometimes be quite large, and when removed usually do not grow back.
BENIGN TUMORS
means cancer cells can break from where they first formed
metastasize
where cancer cells are first formed
PRIMARY CANCER
a waxy fatty substance carried by lipoprotein molecules in the blood. It is created by the body to create hormones and digest fatty foods.
CHOLESTEROL
makes up the majority of the body’s cholesterol, however, it is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol because at high levels it can form plaque in the arteries leading to heart attack and stroke.
LDL CHOLESTEROL
often referred to as “good” cholesterol, absorbs cholesterol and carries it back to the liver, where it is then flushed from the body.
HDL CHOLESTEROL
third type of fat in the blood used for energy.
TRIGLYCERIDES
disease in which the body does not control the amount of glucose in the blood.
DIABETES MELLITUS
a type of hormone that helps glucose in the blood enter cells to give them energy.
INSULIN
a disorder in which the cells in the muscles, liver, and fat tissue do not use insulin properly (type 2 diabetes)
INSULIN RESISTANCE
damage to the small blood vessels in the retina that may lead to loss of vision
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
a cluster of several cardiometabolic risk factors, including large waist circumference, high blood pressure, and elevated triglycerides, LDL, and blood glucose levels, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease
METABOLIC SYNDROME
an inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function in the joints
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)
called acid indigestion or pyrosis, is a common digestive problem in adults and is the result of stomach acid backing up into the esophagus.
HEARTBURN
hard particles, including fatty materials, bile pigments, and calcium deposits, that can develop in the gallbladder.
GALLSTONES
SLEEP
Adults require at least 7 hours of sleep per night to avoid the health risks associated with chronic sleep deprivation.
