exotics

Question 1

The avian pecten functions to

a. Focus light on the fovea
b. Regulate the temperature of the posterior segment
c. Provide oxygen and nutrients to the retina
d. Allow orientation to polarised light
e. Allow the avian eye to detect ultraviolet light

Answer 1

c. Provide oxygen and nutrients to the retina

Question 2

The reptile spectacle is
(Note there are three correct answers)
a. Vascularised as a modified skin scale
b. Only seen in ophidian species
c. A structure protective to the thin cornea
d. Formed from the fused eyelids
e. Retained during ecdysis

Answer 2

a. Vascularised as a modified skin scale
c. A structure protective to the thin cornea
d. Formed from the fused eyelids

Question 3

Lipid keratopathy in frogs is
(Note there are three correct answers)
a. Only seen in Old World anurans
b. Best treated with keratectomy
c. Associated in some cases with feeding of rat pups
d. Only seen in spawning females
e. Associated with high circulating lipids

Answer 3

b. Best treated with keratectomy
c. Associated in some cases with feeding of rat pups
e. Associated with high circulating lipids

Question 4

Chromodacryorhoea is
(Note there are two correct answers)
a. Related to Harderian gland porphyrin production
b. Associated with stress in rodents
c. Best treated with topical cyclosporin
d. A redness of the avian iris
e. Linked to nasolacrimal duct occlusion

Answer 4

a. Related to Harderian gland porphyrin production

b. Associated with stress in rodents

Question 5

Cataracts may be associated with
(Note there are three correct answers)
a. Sinus infection in Mynah birds
b. Intake of cows milk in orphaned tiger cubs
c. Trematode infestation in fish
d. Excessive supplementation of calcium in lizards
e. Excessive ultraviolet illumination in reptiles

Answer 5

b. Intake of cows milk in orphaned tiger cubs
c. Trematode infestation in fish
e. Excessive ultraviolet illumination in reptiles

Question 6

Conjunctivitis in birds may be associated with
(Note there are two correct answers)
a. Gram negative bacterial infection
b. Hypocalcaemia
c. Nematode infestation
d. Excessive illumination
e. Adenoviral infection

Answer 6

a. Gram negative bacterial infection

c. Nematode infestation

Question 7

The nasolacrimal duct in the rabbit
(Note there are two correct answers)
a. Exits within the nasal turbinates. The NLD exits on the ventromedial aspect of the alar fold just caudal to the mucocutaneous junction of the nares.
b. Has numerous valves impeding flow
c. Has proximal puncta in the upper and lower lids
d. Passes over the roots of the molar and incisor teeth
e. Narrows as it passes from lacrimal and frontal bones

Answer 7

d. Passes over the roots of the molar and incisor teeth

e. Narrows as it passes from lacrimal and frontal bones

Question 8

Give the retina type for each species

Rat
Avian
Rabbit
Guinea pig

Answer 8

Rat - Holangiotic

Avian - Anangiotic

Rabbit - Meraniotic

Guinea pig - Anangiotic

Question 9

The reptile parietal eye
(Note there are three correct answers)
a. Detects only red and infrared illumination
b. Is situated deep in the hind brain
c. Has photoreceptors and even a rudimentary lens
d. Is involved in reproductive seasonality
e. Is covered by a transparent scale in many species

Answer 9

c. Has photoreceptors and even a rudimentary lens
d. Is involved in reproductive seasonality
e. Is covered by a transparent scale in many species

Question 10

The avian iris
(Note there are two correct answers)
a. Has a pupil under conscious control
b. Has autonomic innervation
c. Requires a non-depolarising neuromuscular antagonist for pupil dilation
d. Is coloured by an arrangement of guanosome crystals
e. Is innervated by the optic nerve

Answer 10

a. Has a pupil under conscious control

c. Requires a non-depolarising neuromuscular antagonist for pupil dilation