Conditions of the Eyelids & Third Eyelid Flashcards
An internal hordeolum is
a. A localised infection within a meibomian gland
b. An eyelid adenoma with a large proportion within the eyelid
c. A collection of inspissated meibum trapped within the meibomian gland as a result of blockage of the duct to the gland
d. A localised infection of the gland of Zeiss and/or Moll which often occurs as part of a more generalised skin disease
a. A localised infection within a meibomian gland
When the canine upper eyelid is elevated:
a. It results from a combination of contraction of both Muller muscle and the levator palpebrae superioris muscle
b. It occurs as a direct result of relaxation of the orbicularis oculi muscle
c. It results from contraction of the frontalis muscle which is mediated by the oculomotor nerve
d. It results from contraction of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, but at the same time the ventral rectus contracts to prevent the globe from rotating dorsally
a. It results from a combination of contraction of both Muller muscle and the levator palpebrae superioris muscle
As a rough estimate, leaving a nictitans gland prolapsed without surgical replacement:
a. Will cause exposure of the gland and conjunctivitis, but as the gland is not removed, the tear production will not be affected
b. Will result in KCS in 20% of eyes in which it is left, compared with 40% of those that have the gland excised and 14% of those which have it surgically replaced
c. Will result in KCS in 43% of eyes in which it is left, compared with 48% of those that have the gland excised and 14% of those which have it surgically replaced
d. Will result in KCS in 32% of eyes in which it is left, compared with 65% of those that have the gland excised and 10% of those which have it surgically replaced
c. Will result in KCS in 43% of eyes in which it is left, compared with 48% of those that have the gland excised and 14% of those which have it surgically replaced
Cytology of plasmoma reveals:
a. Eosinophils, plasma cells and neutrophils
b. Histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells and multinucleated giant cells
c. Plasma cells and small lymphocytes
d. Mast cells and plasma cells
c. Plasma cells and small lymphocytes
Euryblepharon refers to
Overlong eyelids
Juvenile cellulitis:
a. Responds to appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment, but may also benefit from anti-inflammatory doses of corticosteroids
b. Is caused by bacterial skin infection and requires systemic antibiotics based on culture and sensitivity, with corticosteroids being contra-indicated
c. Requires the performance of skin scrapes and cytology of meibomian gland secretions to rule out underlying demodex
d. Requires early and aggressive systemic therapy with immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone
d. Requires early and aggressive systemic therapy with immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone
The third eyelid:
a. Does not contain muscle and is protruded passively in dogs and cats by globe retraction
b. Contains smooth muscle in the cat, and denervation of this muscle occurring as part of Horner’s syndrome contributes to the third eyelid protrusion
c. Contains striated muscle in dogs and cats and it is spasm of this muscle that causes third eyelid protrusion in tetanus
d. Contains striated muscle in the cat only, which is innervated by the facial nerve
b. Contains smooth muscle in the cat, and denervation of this muscle occurring as part of Horner’s syndrome contributes to the third eyelid protrusion
Haemangiosarcomas arising from the eyelids of cats:
a. Have a high rate of local recurrence
b. Are optimally treated by radiation
c. Have a good prognosis following complete surgical excision
d. Have a high metastatic potential
c. Have a good prognosis following complete surgical excision
Eyelid agenesis in cats:
a. Most commonly affects the lateral canthus
b. Most commonly affects the lateral upper eyelids
c. Has a breed predisposition in the Birman
d. Most commonly affects the lateral lower eyelids
b. Most commonly affects the lateral upper eyelids
A modified Kuhnt-Szymanowski procedure is useful for:
a. Eyelid reconstruction
b. Caruncular trichiasis
c. Upper eyelid trichiasis
d. Lower eyelid ectropian
d. Lower eyelid ectropian
what nerve provides innervation for the orbicularis oculi muscle?
the palpebral branch of the
auriculopalpebral nerve, which is a branch of the facial nerve (cranial nerve (CN) VII).
what muscles widen the palpebral fissure? Give their innervations
levator palpebrae superioris (innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN III))
pars palpebralis of the sphincter
colli profundus (innervated by the dorsal buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII))
Muller muscle (smooth
muscle with sympathetic innervation)
how do you treat ophthalmia neonatorum?
application of warm compresses and gentle digital traction
If unsuccessful within about 24 hours, the eyelids should be very
carefully prised apart using a blunt-ended instrument such as fine haemostats or blunt-ended scissors.
Appropriate instrument should be inserted into the spontaneous first opening, or into the groove of the future fissure,
starting at the medial canthus and taking great care not to damage the cornea.
The fused eyelid opening should
never be incised using a scalpel or scissors, because this will cause irreversible damage to the eyelid margins.
Once the palpebral fissure has been opened, topical treatment should be commenced with an appropriate antibiotic
ointment.
in what breed of cat has congenital ankyloblepharon been reported?
persian
In dogs, what area of the eyelids is usually affected by eyelid agenesis?
lower lateral eyelid
what cat breeds has eyelid agenesis been reported?
DSH, persian, Burmese
what area of the eyelid is most commonly affected in eyelid agenesis in cats?
upper lateral eyelid
what are the surgical options for eyelid agenesis?
wedge resection
cryoepilation
modified mustarde
lip-to-lid
name 3 breeds predisposed to districhiasis
3 from:
Miniature Long-haired Dachshund, American and English
Cocker Spaniels, Flat-coated Retriever, Miniature Poodle, Shetland Sheepdog, Rough Collie, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Pekingese, Welsh Springer Spaniel, Bulldog, Boxer, Weimaraner and Staffordshire
Bull Terrier
what are the treatment options for distichia?
wedge resection (single distichia) cryotherapy electrolysis radiosurgery transconjunctival thermal electrocautery sharp knife surgery
what are the 4 types of entropion
breed/anatomical
spastic
cicatricial
atonic/senile
what is an alternate to entropion surgery?
hyaluronic acid subdermal filler
what is the name of the procedure where a wedge resection is combined with a Hotz-Celsus?
Read Broun
give 10 causes of acquired protrusion of the third eyelid
Enophthalmos (e.g. secondary to cachexia and/or dehydration)
Microphthalmos
Retrobulbar (extraconal/non-axial) mass
Horner’s syndrome
Sedation/anaesthesia
Dysautonomia
Cannabis intoxication
Tetanus (may be associated with ‘flicking’ protrusion of third eyelid)
Rabies
Torovirus in cats (often associated with relapsing diarrhoea)
what is a chalazion?
cream-coloured, firm, well demarcated, 2–5-mm diameter swelling located in the area of the meibomian glands.
It occurs following blockage of the meibomian gland duct and inspissation of its secretory products.
what is an external hordeolum?
infection of the glands of Moll or Zeiss
what 2 organisms can cause fungal blepharits?
Microsporum canis
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
what cat breeds are predisposed to contracting dermatophytosis?
persians and himalayans
what is the most common immune mediated feline eyelid disease?
pemphigus foliaceus
what eyelid tumours typically occur in young dogs?
papillomas and histiocytomas
true or false: Feline eyelid tumours are more likely to be malignant than benign
true
what is the most common eyelid tumour reported in cats?
squamous cell carcinoma
what are the treatment options for eyelid SCC in cats?
Treatment options include surgical excision, cryotherapy,
radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy
