Exotic species, eyes, ears etc.

Question 1

What does exopthlamic mean?

Answer 1

The eyeball almost fills the orbit, causes reduced eye movement

in avain/ birds

Question 2

What does exopthlamic mean?

Answer 2

The eyeball almost fills the orbit, causes reduced eye movement

in avain/ birds

Question 3

What is lacking in the avian eye?

Answer 3

Retractor bulbi muscles, tapetum lucidum, The retina has no vessels so birds have impaired visual acuity

Question 4

What is the function of pecten and what species is it found in?

Answer 4

provides blood supply and it is found in birds

Question 5

What is the function of scleral ossicles?

Answer 5

Forms the scleral ring (bones within the sclera)

found in birds but also some reptiles/fish

Question 6

What is the function of scleral ossicles?

Answer 6

Forms the scleral ring (bones within the sclera)

found in birds but also some reptiles/fish

Question 7

What is a species of bird that has a well developed olfactory bulb?

Answer 7

Vulture

Question 8

How are avian ears different to mammalian ears?

Answer 8

They have no auricle/ pinna
some birds have an operculum/ accessory structure of the external ear which aids in sound location

Question 9

What is the middle ear columnella, what animal is it found in?

Answer 9

equivalent of the stapes in mammals

Question 10

What is one adaptation to the eyelids in snakes?

Answer 10

The eyelids are fused and cannot move, they fuse to form the spectacle

Question 11

What is the spectacle in snakes?

Answer 11

a transparent covering for protection

can have issues with dysecdysis

Question 12

Where does the vomeronasal organ in snakes receive data from?

Answer 12

The tongue rather than the oral cavity

Question 13

What is olfaction important in (in snakes)

Answer 13

mating and hunting

Question 14

What is the reptillian ear like?

Answer 14

Absence of external ear, has a middle ear columnella like birds, no coiled cochlear duct

Question 15

What are the three main functions of fish eyes

Answer 15

collecting light, accomodation, and transforming images into neural signals

Question 16

Why does a fish lens need to be more mobile?

Answer 16

Water has a higher refractive index

Question 17

What is the retractor lentis?

Answer 17

a muscle that is attached to the falciform ligament that pulls the lens backwards from a relaxed position

Question 18

What do fish nostrils connect to?

Answer 18

a nasal sac that contains nerve endings, these nerves then pass information onto the olfactory bulb and then the brain

Question 19

What makes up for the reduced movement of the eyes in birds?

Answer 19

long neck and mobile occipitoatlantal joint, lower lid of the eye is also larger and more moveable

Question 20

What do birds have to counterract the lack of movement in the eye?

Answer 20

More mobile atlantooccipital joint, long necks
thicker more mobile lower eyelid

Question 21

What is one way you can increase the available light to the pupil?

in terms of iris/pupil

Answer 21

wider aperture

Question 22

What is the middle ear columnella in birds the equivalent of in mammals?

Answer 22

It is the equivalent of the stapes in mammals

Question 23

What is the main difference in the vomeronasal organ between reptiles and mammals?

Answer 23

reptiles receive data from the tongue rather than the oral cavity

Question 24

How do fish with swim bladders detect vibrations/ movement in the water?

Answer 24

using lateral lines

Question 25

What is the lateral line of fish?

Answer 25

It allows fish to detect vibrations/ changes in pressure under the water