Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VMS 1008 > Comparative anatomy and microanatomy of the endocrine organs > Flashcards

Comparative anatomy and microanatomy of the endocrine organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the anterior pituitary gland?

A

pars tuberalis, pars intermedia and pars distalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of hormones that are released from the pituitary?

A

releasing and inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What cavity does the pituitary gland lie in?

A

bony cavity called the hypophysial fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can the pituitary gland be found in between?

A

between the mammillary bodies and the optic chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the adenohypophysis?

A

Outgrowth of the pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the neurohypophysis?

A

Outgrowth of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Rathke’s pouch?

A

a pouch that meets the neurohypophysis but forms the adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the pars distalis?

A

The largest part of the adenohypophysis, contains chromophils and chromophones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the chromophils subdivided into?

A

basophils and acidophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do basophils contain?

A

glycoprotein hormones, such as thyrotrophs, gonadotrophs and corticotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is pars intermedia closely associated with?

A

pars nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a feature of the capillaries in the pars tuberalis?

A

they are fenestrated, to enable passage of hormones from the secretory cells into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three sections of the neurohypophysis?

A

Median eminence, infundibular stalk and pars nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

A

oxytocin and ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are Herring bodies?

A

Found in the base of the posterior pituitary, where hormones are temporarily stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the pituitary portal system?

A

system of blood vessels that connects the hypothalamus with the adenohypophysis, it begins at the base of the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the epiphysis (pineal gland) located?

A

located in the mid-brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?

A

melatonin, which is important for circadian rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What pathway controls the secretion of melatonin?

A

Polysynaptic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the thyroid located?

A

attached to the trachea on the right and left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many pairs of parathyroid are there usually?

A

Usually there are 2 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the thyroid gland divided into?

A

many different lobules which are then further divided into thyroid follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do follicular cells produce?

A

enzymes that are required for thyroid hormone synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do the follicles in the thyroid contain?

A

colloid which is a protein rich fluid that synthesises hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the hormones of the thyroid?

A

T4, T3 and calcitonin

26
Q

What do the c-cells produce?

A

Calcitonin

27
Q

What are the two types of cell found in the parathyroid?

A

chief cells and oxyphil cells, these regulate the levels of calcium

28
Q

What is the blood supply of the thyroid gland?

A

Mainly the cranial thyroid artery, partly the caudal thyroid artery

29
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the thyroid gland?

A

Cranial cervical glands

30
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the thyroid gland?

A

laryngeal branches of vagus nerve

31
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

craniomedially to the kidneys

32
Q

What are the two sections of the adrenal glands?

A

Adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex

33
Q

Where is the adrenal cortex derived from?

A

The mesoderm

34
Q

What is the main function of the adrenal cortex?

A

To produce adrenocorticoid hormones

35
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?

A

mineralcorticoids

36
Q

What does the zona fasciculata secrete?

A

glucocorticoids

37
Q

What does the zona reticularis secrete?

A

Sex steroids or androgens

38
Q

What kind of ectoderm is the adenohypophysis?

A

oral ectoderm

39
Q

What kind of ectoderm is the Neurohypophysis?

A

Neural ectoderm

40
Q

How would you define an endocrine organ?

A

A ductless organ that secretes hormones directly to blood, lymph or tissue fluid- acts as a great communicator

41
Q

How does the hypothalamus coordinate the activity of the pituitary gland?

A

through the secretion of peptides and amines

42
Q

What part of the pituitary gland produces its own hormones?

A

Anterior pituitary/ adenohypophysis

43
Q

What part of the pituitary receives hormones that were synthesised in the hypothalamus?

A

Posterior pituitary/ neurohypophysis

44
Q

How are the hypothalamus and pituitary gland integrated with each other?

A

The pituitary hangs below the hypothalamus via a narrow stalk/ infundibular stalk

45
Q

How do the neuro and adeno hypophysis develop?

A

Rathkes pouch forms which is an outgrowth of the pharynx
The neurohypophysis forms which is an outgrowth of the diencephalon forming pars nervosa
The thicker side of rathekes pouch forms the pars distalis and the thinner side forms the pars intermedia
pars intermedia joins on with the pars nervosa and the rathkes stalk degenerates

46
Q

What is the purpose of the infundibular stalk in the posterior pituitary?

A

Acts as a nerve tract

47
Q

Where are the cell bodies found?

A

In the hypothalamus

48
Q

What are Herring bodies?

A

secretory axons found in the posterior pituitary

49
Q

How are ADH and Oxytocin transported?

A

ADH and Oxytocin are both neurohormones produced in the hypothalmus, they are then placed in vesicles and are transported to the posterior pituitary where they are stored

50
Q

How are hormones released from the anterior pituitary?

A

Releasing hormones from the median eminence travel through capillaries, they then bind to receptors on endocrine cells which regulates the release of hormones

51
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

a lobulated and encapsulated gland that is not controlled by pituitary hormones

52
Q

Which pituitary gland synthesises its own hormones which are then released by releasing factors?

A

Anterior pituitary

53
Q

What is the name of the bony cavity that the pityitary gland lies in?

A

Hypophysial fossa, which is within the sphenoid bone

54
Q

Why does the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) have nervous tissue from the hypothalamus?

A

It is an outgrowth of the brain

55
Q

What part of the adenohypophysis contains fenestrated capillaries and sheets/ venules

A

pars tuberalis

56
Q

What part of the adenohypophysis has melatonin receptors?

A

pars tuberalis

57
Q

What makes up the bulk of the neurohypophysis?

A

pars nervosa

58
Q

What do the paraventrcilau and supraoptic nucleus produce?

A

The hormones oxytocin and ADH which are then release from the posterior pituitary

59
Q

What parts of the nerve cell are found in the posterior pituitary/ neurohypophysis?

A

Not the cell bodies but the cell axons which contain herring bodies (secretory vesicles)

60
Q

What is the type of hormone released from the hypothalamus?

A

Neuropetide

61
Q

Where is the median eminence?

A

At the base of the hypothalamus

VMS 1008 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions