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VMS 1008 > Development of the ear/ Olfaction > Flashcards

Development of the ear/ Olfaction Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ectoderm thicken into originally?

A

otic placodes

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2
Q

Where does the middle ear form from?

A

an outgrowth of the first pharyngeal pouch (inside of the embryos throat)

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3
Q

Where did the external ear space form from?

A

1st pharyngeal groove (outside of the embryos neck)

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4
Q

What makes up the outer ear?

A

The pinna, Auricular muscles, the ear canal and the ends of the ear drum

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5
Q

What is found between the surface ectoderm and surface endoderm?

A

The tympanic membrane (ear drum)

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6
Q

What muscle moves the pinna?

A

The auricular muscle

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7
Q

What are the two canals found in the external ear?

A

Horizontal and vertical canal

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8
Q

What are the three ossicles of the middle ear?

A

Hammer, anvil and stirrup (malleus, incus and stapes)

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9
Q

What is the function of the ossicles in the middle ear?

A

To transmit and amplify vibrations

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10
Q

What are the two labyrinths found in the inner ear?

A

Membranous and osseous

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11
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth?

A

A series of inter-connected ducts and chambers that are filled with endolymph

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12
Q

What is the osseous labyrinth?

A

Hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull

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13
Q

What are the two functions of the inner ear?

A

Hearing via the cochlear and Balance via the vestibular system

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14
Q

What do the semi-circular canals detect?

A

rotations of the head

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15
Q

What do the saccule and utricle detect?

A

accelerations

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16
Q

What are the semi-circular canals?

A

three tiny, fluid-filled tubes that help you keep your balance

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17
Q

What is the olfactory system?

A

System that detects smell/ sense of smell

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18
Q

Where is the ear drum formed?

A

Where the 1st groove and pouch meet

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19
Q

Where do ear bones form from?

A

they develop endochondrally from neural crest cells in between the groove and pouch

20
Q

What adaptations does the pinna have that makes it a good thermoregulator?

A

Large surface area and good blood supply

21
Q

Which nerve innervates the pinna?

A

The facial nerve

22
Q

What is the function of cerumen (ear wax) ?

A

it traps particles that may damage the tympanic membrane

23
Q

What does the tympanic membrane separate?

A

The external and middle ear

24
Q

What does the tympanic membrane stretch over?

A

The tympanic ring

25
Q

What is the middle ear housed inside of?

A

Housed inside the temporal bone of the skull (tympanic bulla)

26
Q

What is the middle ear lined with?

A

a mucous membrane

27
Q

What are the two compartments of the guttural pouch?

A

The medial and lateral compartment

28
Q

What does the otic vesicle of the ear form?

A

The membranous labyrinth

29
Q

Where do the ear bones develop from?

A

They develop endochondrally from neural crest cells in between the pharyngeal pouch and pharyngeal groove

30
Q

What is the tympanic bulla?

A

a bulbous expansion of the tympanic bone

31
Q

What is the middle ear lined with?

A

mucous membrane

32
Q

How does the middle ear communicate with the pharynx?

A

Via an auditory tube

33
Q

What are some functions of the middle ear?

A

Equalisation of pressure and gland secretions

34
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear?

A

A series of inter-connected ducts and chambers, filled with endolymph

35
Q

What is the osseous labyrinth of the inner ear?

A

A hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull

36
Q

What fills the space between the membranous and osseous labyrinth?

A

Perilymph

37
Q

What is the name of the nerve that sends pressure information from hair cells from the tectorial membrane?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

38
Q

In what animals is the tympanic membrane visible?

A

Reptiles, they also have no visible pinna

39
Q

What is the name of the nerve that innervates the auricular muscles?

A

The facial nerve

40
Q

What kind of glands are found in the external ear?

A

sebaceous and modified apopcrine glands

41
Q

What is the function of cerumen/ earwax?

A

To trap particles that may damage the tympanic membrane

42
Q

How does the stapes help to transmit vibrations?

A

It presses against the oval window which compresses perilymph in the scala vestibula, this then transmits pressure waves to the endolymph in the Reissners membrane
movement of the endolymph causes pressure on the tectorial membrane inside the cochlear duct which puts pressure on hair cells, sending an impulse through the vestibulacochlear nerve

43
Q

Where is the middle ear housed inside?

A

It is housed inside the tympanic bulla and lined with a mucous membrane

44
Q

What are some of the functions of the middle ear connecting to the pharynx via the auditory tube?

A

Pressure equalisation, drainage of gland secretions

45
Q

What compartments is the guttural pouch split into?

A

medial and lateral compartments

VMS 1008 (20 decks)

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