EXERCISE 6

Question 1

special protein molecules designed to catalyze or speed up the rate of a biochemical reaction

Answer 1

ENZYMES

Question 2

ENZYMES

____ specific reactions regulated by competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors and/or allosteric molecules

Answer 2

accelerate

Question 3

ENZYMES

one of the primary biological functions of multiple enzymes through a series of consecutive reactions or known as pathways

Answer 3

breaking down of complex molecules

Question 4

ENZYMES

a series of consecutive reacions is also known as

Answer 4

pathways

Question 5

ENZYMES

enzymes ____ the activation energy requried for a chemical reaction to occur thereby speeding up the process of the reaction

Answer 5

lower

Question 6

enzymes are made up of

Answer 6

proteins

Question 7

ENZYMES

molecules called as ____ as formed when enzymes bind to its specific substrate; this points that most enzymes catalyze one specific reaction efficiently

Answer 7

products

Question 8

ENZYMES

most enzymes catalyze how many reaction efficiently

Answer 8

one specific reaction

Question 9

ENZYMES

some multipart enzyme complexes catalyze as series of ____ – successive enzyme-substrate complexes or products are formed throughout the series of biological reactions

Answer 9

step-by-step reactions

Question 10

these are generally responsible for numerous vital reactions within the body

Answer 10

enzymes

Question 11

ENZYMES

some enzyme proteins are covalently modified by ____, ____, and other similar processes, and the regulation of enzyme activity are largely affected by these alterations

Answer 11

phosphorylation, glycosylation

Question 12

ENZYMES

the molecule that reacts with the compound is called

Answer 12

substrate

Question 13

ENZYMES

enzyme + substrate =

Answer 13

enzyme-substrate complex

ES complex

Question 14

ENZYMES

a specific reactant acted upon by the enzyme

Answer 14

substrate

Question 15

ENZYMES

substance formed when substrate binds to an eznyme

Answer 15

product

Question 16

ENZYMES

non-protein molecule (Fe²+, Mg²+, Mn²+, Zn²+) required for proper functioning of enzyme

Answer 16

cofactor

Question 17

ENZYMES

organic or metalloorganic molecule that acts as transiet carriers of specific functional groups

Answer 17

coenzyme

Question 18

ENZYMES

a coenzyme or metal ion that is very tightly bounded to an enzyme protein

Answer 18

prosthetic group

Question 19

ENZYMES

catalytically active enzyme bounded with its coenzyme and/or metal ion

Answer 19

holoenzyme

Question 20

ENZYMES

protein part of holoenzyme

Answer 20

apoenzyme

Question 21

ENZYMES

the part of an enzyme where the chemical reaction occurs; where the substrate binds

Answer 21

active site

Question 22

ENZYMES

site other than the active site to which a specific substance binds, thereby changing the shape and activity of an enzyme

Answer 22

allosteric site

Question 23

ENZYMES

2 common characteristics among enzymes

Answer 23

catalytic & specific

Question 24

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF AN ENZYME ACTIVITY

speeds up collisions between enzyme and substrate

Answer 24

increased temperature

Question 25

# **FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF AN ENZYME ACTIVITY** enzyme being proteins, may become ____ in **too high temperatures**, which renders it **inactive**

Answer 25

denatured

Question 26

# **FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF AN ENZYME ACTIVITY** **increased substrate concentration** provides ____ with enzyme until it reaches its **saturation point**

Answer 26

faster interaction

Question 27

# **FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF AN ENZYME ACTIVITY** bind to the active site of the enzyme thereby **preventing the susbtrate to bind**

Answer 27

competitive inhibitors

Question 28

# **FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF AN ENZYME ACTIVITY** bind **reversibly** to **the enzyme-substrate complex**

Answer 28

uncompetitive inhibitors

Question 29

# **FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF AN ENZYME ACTIVITY** bind to the **other sites in the enzyme** **reducing its effectivity**

Answer 29

noncompetitive inhibitors

Question 30

# **FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF AN ENZYME ACTIVITY** **directly** influences the **conformtation** of an enzyme, thereby affecting its activity

Answer 30

pH

Question 31

# **FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF AN ENZYME ACTIVITY** extremes of ____ directly **change the conformation** of the **protein folding** of the enzyme, rendering it **inactive**

Answer 31

pH

Question 32

# **ENZYME** an enzyme known to **catalyze hydrogen peroxide** to **oxygen** & **water**

Answer 32

catalase enzyme

Question 33

# **ENZYME** **catalase enzyme** catalyze **hydrogen peroxide** to ____ and ____

Answer 33

oxygen & water

Question 34

# **ENZYME** biologically, this enzyme is vital in **protecting the cell** from the **damages** caused by **reactive oxygen species (ROS)** or the **free radicals**

Answer 34

catalase enzyme

Question 35

# **ENZYME** enzyme known to **catalyze polysccharides** into **simpler sugar** molecules by **hydrolyzing the glycosidic bonds** present in polysaccharides

Answer 35

amylase enzyme

Question 36

# **ENZYME** **amylase enzyme** is predominantly **present** in ____

Answer 36

human saliva

Question 37

also **secreted** by the **pancreas** into the small intestines for **continued breakdown** of **complex sugar** molecules

Answer 37

amylase enzyme

Question 38

# **CATALZE ENZYME ACTIVITY** **protein denaturation** can render the enzyme ____

Answer 38

unfunctional

Question 38

# **CATALZE ENZYME ACTIVITY** a ____ in **temperature** can also **inhibit** the **activity** of an enzyme

Answer 38

decrease

Question 39

# **AMYLAZE ENZYME ACTIVITY** reaction of **saliva-starch mixture** with **I₂ TS**

Answer 39

disappearance of the blue color

Question 39

# **EFFECT OF pH** enzymes **work** at an ____ pH

Answer 39

optimal

Question 39

# **AMYLAZE ENZYME ACTIVITY** ____ forms a **colored complex** with **starch**

Answer 39

iodine solution

Question 39

test for **reducing** suagr

Answer 39

Fehling's test

Question 39

# **AMYLAZE ENZYME ACTIVITY** positive result for **Fehling's test**

Answer 39

brick red ppt