EX 9 Flashcards
- most significant source of energy
- provide storage energy
- important cellular component
- important structural component
CARBOHYDRATES
made up of one sugar unit
monosaccharide
made up of two monosaccharide
disaccharides
short polymers of usually three to ten monosaccharides unit
oligosaccharides
long polymers of monosaccharides
polysaccharides
2-carbon sugar
hydroxyacetaldehyde
3- carbon sugar
glyceraldehyde
4-carbon sugar
erythrose
5-carbon sugar
ribos
7-carbon sugar
sedoheptulose
9-carbon sugar
neuraminic acid
6-carbon sugar
glucose
sucrose + fructose
sucrose
glucose + galactose
lactose
glucose + glucose
maltose
fructose + galactose
lactulose
3 glucose units
maltotriose
several sugar units
dextrin
structural polysaccharide units in plants
cellulose
structural polysaccharide units in animals
chitin
storage polysaccharide units in plants
starch
water-soluble starch
hetastarch
storage polysaccharide units in animals
glycogen
polyfructan of fructofuranose
inulin
homoplyglucan of a-1,6 bond
dextran
present in vitreous humor & synovial fluid
hyaluronic acid
present in cartilage, tendons, & ligaments
chondroitin sulfate
present in skin
dermatan sulfate
present in nails
keratan sulfate
an anticoagulant
heparan sulfate
found in seaweeds
agarose
present in bacterial cell wall
peptidoglycan
most tests in carbohydrates rely on the _____
interaction of a reducing sugar
the ____ of sugars under alkaline conditions is an important consideration in reduction tests
enolization
general test for carbohydrates
MOLISCH’S TEST
MOLISCH’S TEST
result
purple ring at the junction
tests for reducing sugars
FEHLING’S TEST
BENEDICT’S TEST
FEHLING’S TEST
result
brick red ppt
blue aqueous solution cupric sulfate pentahydrate
FEHLING’S A
clear aqueous solution potassium sodium tartrae or Rochelle salt
NaOH or KOH
FEHLING’S B
- test for reducing sugars
- semi-quantitative test
BENEDICT’S TEST
dsitnguish reducing monosaccharides from disaccharides
BARFOED’S TEST
BARFOED’S TEST
reacts very fast
MONOSACCHARIDES
BARFOED’S TEST
reacts very slowly
DISACCHARIDES
BARFOED’S TEST
the reducing monosaccharide is
scanty brick red ppt
test for ketohexoses
SELIWANOFF’S TEST
distinguish glucose and fructose
SELIWANOFF’S TEST
SELIWANOFF’S TEST
result
cherry red solution
SELIWANOFF’S TEST
reacts faster
fructose
test for pentoses
BIAL’S TEST
BIAL’S TEST
result
pentoses
blue colored soln
BIAL’S TEST
hexoses produces what color
green, red, or brown
invert sugar is a mixture of
glucose & fructose
HYDROLYSIS TEST (INVERSION OF SUCROSE)
test result
brick red ppt
used to differentiate sugars depending on the shape of the osazone crystals formed
PHENYLHYDRAZINE TEST
PHENYLHYDRAZINE TEST
glucose
fructose
mannose
NEEDLE SHAPED
PHENYLHYDRAZINE TEST
galactose
RHOMBIC PLATES
PHENYLHYDRAZINE TEST
maltose
SUNFLOWER-SHAPED
PHENYLHYDRAZINE TEST
lactose
powder puff /
hedgehog shaped
test for polysaccharides particularly sugar & glycogen
IODINE TEST
IODINE TEST | RESULTS
amylose
blue
IODINE TEST | RESULTS
amylopectin
purple
IODINE TEST | RESULTS
glycogen
reddish brown
IODINE TEST | RESULTS
amylodextrin
violet
IODINE TEST | RESULTS
eryhtrodextrin
red
IODINE TEST | RESULTS
achrodextrins
no color