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BIOCHEM LAB > EX 8 > Flashcards

EX 8 Flashcards

1
Q
  • macromolecules that contains the genetic information that can be passed on from one generation to another generation
  • bioinformational material determines traits and makes protein synthesis possible
  • can be found in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cell
A

NUCLEIC ACID

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2
Q

NUCLEIC ACID

determines traits and makes protein synthesis possible

A

BIOINFOMATIONAL MATERIAL

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2
Q

NUCLEIC ACID

can be found in ____ and ____ of the cell

A

cytoplasm & nucleus

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3
Q

nucleic acids are made up of monomers known as ____

A

NUCLEOTIDES

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4
Q

DNA & RNA are ____

A

polymers

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5
Q

when nucleotides combine, the resulting chain is called a ____

A

POLYNUCLEOTIDE

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6
Q

3 parts of a nucleotide

A

nitrogenous base
5-carbon sugar
phosphate group

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7
Q

building blocks of nucleic acids

A

NUCLEOTIDES

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8
Q

central atom of nucleotides

A

sugar

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8
Q

NUMBERING OF NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE

Carbon 1 contains

A

nitrogenous base

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9
Q

NUMBERING OF NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE

Carbon 5 contains

A

PHOSPHATE GROUP

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10
Q

organic molecules made up of nitrogen-containing ring structures

A

NITROGENOUS BASE

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11
Q

2 kinds of nitrogenous abses

A

purine
pyrimidine

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12
Q

PURINE BASES

A

adenine
guanine

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13
Q

PYRIMIDINE BASES

A

thymine
cytosine
uracil

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14
Q

pyrimidine base that can only be found in RNA

A

URACIL

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15
Q

RNA does not have this pyrimidine base

A

THYMINE

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16
Q

the 5-carbon sugar in DNA is called

A

deoxyribose

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17
Q

5-carbon sugar in RNA

A

ribose

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18
Q

the second carbon of ribose bears ____

A

HYDROXYL GROUP

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19
Q

the second carbon of deoxyribose bears ____

A

HYDROGEN

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20
Q

in a nucleotide, the sugar occupies a ____, with the base attached to its C1 and the phosphate groups attached to its C5

A

CENTRAL POSITION

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21
Q
  • nucleotides may have a ____ phosphate group, or a chain of ____ phosphate groups attached to the C5 of the sugar
A

single
up to three

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22
Q

in a cell, a nucleotide about to be added to the ____ of a polynucleotide chain will bear a series of three phosphate groups

A

end

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23
Q

in a cell, a nucleotide about to be added to the end of a polynucleotide chain will bear a series of ____

A

three phosphate groups

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24
Q

PHOSPHATE GROUPS

when the nucleotide joins the growing DNA or RNA chain, it ____

A

loses 2 phosphate groups

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25
Q

in a chain of DNA or RNA, each nucleotide has just ____ phosphate group

A

ONE

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26
Q

the rule of nucleotide when binding

A

directionality

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27
Q

directionality means

A

it has 2 ends that are different from each other

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28
Q

the 5’ phosphate group of the first nucleotide in the chain ____

A

sticks out

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29
Q

the 3’ hydroxyl group of the last nucleotide added to the chain is ____

A

exposed

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30
Q

DNA sequences are usually written in the ____

A

5’ to 3’ direction

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31
Q

POLYNUCLEOTIDE CHAIN

the strand grows at its ____

A

3’ end

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32
Q

DNA is double stranded, thus its direction is ____

A

bidirection

saliwaan

33
Q

bond present between two nucleotides

A

PHOSPHODIESTER LINKAGE

34
Q
  • chemical basis of heredity and is organized into genes
  • involve in replication during cell division and gene expression by transcription
  • double stranded molecule with a twisted double helix shape
A

DNA

35
Q

DNA is involve in replication during cell division and gene expression by ____

A

TRANSCRIPTION

36
Q

PARTNER

ADENINE

A

THYMINE

37
Q

PARTNER

CYTOSINE

A

GUANINE

37
Q

ADENINE & THYMINE no. of hydrogen bonds in between

A

2

37
Q

CYTOSINE & GUANINE no. of hydrogen bonds in between

A

3

38
Q
  • essential for the synthesis of proteins
  • single stranded nucleic acid
A

RNA

39
Q

information contained within the genetic code is passed from ____ to ____ to the resulting proteins

A

DNA to RNA

40
Q

the passing from the DNA to RNA of the information contained from the genetic code is called

A

CENTRAL DOGMA

41
Q

TYPES OF RNA

an intermediate between a protein-coding gene and its protein product

A

mRNA

42
Q

if a cell needs to make protein, the RNA-polymerizing enzyme will make an RNA ____, or ____, of the gene’s DNA sequence

A

copy or transcript

43
Q

carries the same information as the DNA sequence of its gene however, the base T is replaced with U

A

TRANSCRIPT

44
Q

mRNA means

A

messenger ribonucleic acid

45
Q
  • a major component of ribosomes, where it helps mRNA bind in the right spot so its sequence information can be read out
  • some of these also act as enzymes, in this case, the formation of bonds that link amino acids to form a protein
A

rRNA

ribosomal ribonucleic acid

46
Q

rRNA means

A

ribosomal ribonucleic acid

46
Q

RNAs that act as enzymes are known as

A

ribozymes

47
Q
  • are also involved in protein synthesis, but their job is to bring amino acids to the ribosome, ensuring that the amino acid added to the chain is the one specified by the mRNA
  • it consist of a single strand of RNA, but this strand has complementary segments that stick together to make double-stranded regions
  • this base-pairing creates a complex 3D structure important to the function of the molecule
A

tRNA

transfer ribonucleic acid

48
Q

tRNa means

A

transfer ribonucleic acid

49
Q
  • refers to the copying of a cell’s DNA
  • semiconservative, meaning that each strand in the DNA double helix acts as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand
  • this process takes us from one starting molecule to two “daughter” molecules, with each newly formed double helix containing one new and one old strand
A

DNA REPLICATION

50
Q

DNA REPLICATION

____, meaning that each strand in the DNA double helix acts as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary strand

A

SEMICONSERVATIVE

51
Q

DNA REPLICATION

cells need to copy their DNA ____, and with ____

A

very quickly, very few errors

52
Q
  • direction of flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein
  • involves two major steps: transcription & translation
A

CENTRAL DOGMA

53
Q

the DNA sequence of the gene is copied to make an RNA molecule

A

TRANSCRIPTION

54
Q

the sequence of the mRNA is decode to specify the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide

A

translation

55
Q

the prcoess or using information in an mRNA to build a polypeptide

A

TRANSLATION

56
Q

TRANSLATION

the nucleotides of the mRNa are read in triplets called

A

codons

57
Q

TRANSLATION

there are ____ codons that specifiy amino acids

A

61 codons

58
Q

start codon

A

AUG

59
Q

start amino acid

A

methionine

60
Q

stop codon

A

UAG
UGA
UAA

61
Q

extraction buffer

A

saline soap solution

62
Q

breaks down the lipids in the cell membrane and nuclei, hence DNA is released as these membranes are disrupted

A

detergent

63
Q

detects the presence of deoxyribose

A

DISCHE DIPHENYLAMINE TEST

64
Q

DISCHE DIPHENYLAMINE TEST

test result

A

blue-colored complex

65
Q

DISCHE DIPHENYLAMINE TEST

the intensity of the blue color is ____ to the concentration of the DNA isolated from the sample

A

proportional

66
Q

detects the presence of pentoses, such as ribose

A

BIAL’S TEST

67
Q

BIAL’S TEST

test result

A

green-colored compound

68
Q

BIAL’S TEST

when ribose is boiled in the presence of HCl, it yields ____

A

aldehydes of furfural type

69
Q

detects the presence of phosphates

A

AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE TEST

70
Q

AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE TEST

orthophosphate ion, acidified with NO3, reacts with ammonium molybdate ____ is produced

A

yellow-colored phosphomolybdic acid

71
Q

AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE TEST

reaction with ascorbic acids, phosphomolybdic acid is reduced forming ____

A

intensely blue to purple-colored complex

72
Q

detects the presence of purine

A

MUREXIDE TEST

73
Q

MUREXIDE TEST

purine-containing compounds react with KClO3 in the presence of HCl to from ____ upon exposure to ammonia

A

murexide ammonium purpurate

74
Q

MUREXIDE TEST

the product ammonium purpurate appears as

A

pink to purple in color

75
Q

detects the presence of cytosine & uracil and their derivatives

A

WHEELER-JOHNSON TEST

76
Q

WHEELER-JOHNSON TEST does not detect ____ because of the methyl group present in its structure

A

THYMINE

77
Q

WHEELER-JOHNSON TEST

when the sample is treated with bromine water

A

yellow color

78
Q

WHEELER-JOHNSON TEST

when BaOH is added

A

purple-colored

BIOCHEM LAB (11 decks)

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