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BIOCHEM LAB > BLOOD CHEM > Flashcards

BLOOD CHEM Flashcards

1
Q
  • a specialized body fluid
  • has four main components: plasma, RBC, WBC, platelets
A

BLOOD

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2
Q

4 main components of blood

A
  1. plasma
  2. red blood cells
  3. white blood cells
  4. platelets
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3
Q
  • runs through the veins, arteries, and capillaries
  • a mixture of about 55% plasma and 45% blood cells
A

whole blood

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4
Q

whole blood is a mixture of ____ plasma and ____ blood cells

A

55% plasma
45% blood cells

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5
Q

water component of the blood

A

plasma

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6
Q

about ____ of your total body weight is blood

A

7 - 8%

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7
Q

about 7-8% of your ____ is blood

A

total body weight

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8
Q

an average-sized man has about ____ of blood

A

12 pints (5.7L)

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9
Q

an average-sized woman has about ____ of blood

A

9 pints (4.3L)

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10
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS

  • liquid component of the blood
  • mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts
  • transport blood cells throughout the body along with nutrients, waste products, antiboides, clotting proteins, chemical messengers such as hormones, and proteins that help maintain the body’s fluid balance
A

PLASMA

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11
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS

the appearance of plasma will be achieved by ____

A

centrifugation

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12
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS

  • erythrocytes
  • most abundant cells (40-45%)
  • known for their bright red color
  • a biconcave disc with a flattened center
A

RED BLOOD CELLS

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13
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS

controls RBC production

A

erythropoietin

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14
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS

start as ____ in the bone marrow and after approximately 7 days of maturation are released into the blood stream

A

immature (stem) cells

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15
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS

start as immature (stem) cells in the ____ and after approximately 7 days of maturation are released into the blood stream

A

bone marrow

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16
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS

start as immature (stem) cells in the** bone marrow** and after approximately ____ of maturation are released into the blood stream

A

7 days

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17
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS

have no ____ and can easily change shape to fit in various vessels

A

no nucleus

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18
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS

the lack of nucelus limits its life to

A

average 120 days

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19
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS

  • contains ____ which carries oxygen from the lungs to different organs and returns CO2 form the organs to the lungs
  • responsible for the red color of the blood
A

hemoglobin

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20
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS

the percentage of whole blood volume that is made up of RBCs

A

hematocrit

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21
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS

  • leukocytes
  • protect the body from infection
  • much fewer than RBCs (about 1% of the total blood)
  • come in many different shapes and sizes:
    - may have nuclei with multiple lobes
    - may have one large, round nucleus
    - may have granulocytes
A

white blood cells

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22
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

may have nuclei with ____

A

multiple lobes

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23
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

may have one ___, ___ nucleus

A

one large, round

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24
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

may have ____

A

granulocytes

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25
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

  • aka polymorphonuclear cells
  • its shape is irregular and contains many lobes
  • belong to granulocytes
  • an “immediate response” cell which makes 55-70% of the total WBCs
  • live less than a day, therefore the bone marrow makes neutrophils everyday
A

NEUTROPHIL

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26
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

neutrophil is also called

A

polymorphonuclear cells

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27
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

neutrophils make ____% of the total WBCs

A

55-70%

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28
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

neutrophils live ____

A

less than a day

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29
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

  • young WBCs
  • develop into macrophages after they migrate into tissue
  • provide an immediate defense (phagocytosis)
  • are aslo “antigen-presenting cells”, presenting the foreign antigen to other immune cells to trigger an immune response
A

monocytes

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30
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

monocytes are known as ____

A

young WBCs

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31
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

monocytes develop into ____ after they migrate into tissue

A

macrophages

32
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

the immediate defense that monocytes provide

A

phagocytosis

33
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

monocytes are also known as ____

A

antigen-presenting cells

34
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS

  • round cells than contain a single, large round nucleus
  • two main class that trigger different response: B cells, T cells
A

lymphocytes

35
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES

  • cells that mature in bone marrow
  • aka plasma cells
  • produce highly specific antibodies that bind to antigen
36
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES

B cells mature in

A

bone marrow

37
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES

B cells are also known as

A

plasma cells

38
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES

B cells produce ____ that bind to antigen

A

highly specific antibodies

39
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES

  • cells that mature in thymus gland
  • helper ____ cells secrete chemicals that recruit other immune cells
  • cytotoxic ____ cells attack virally infected cells
40
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES

T cells mature in ____

A

thymus gland

41
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES

T cells that secrete chemicals that recruit other immune cells

A

helper T cells

42
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES

T cells that attack virally infected cells

A

cytotoxic T cells

43
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS

  • not actually cells but rather small fragments of cells
  • help the blood clotting process:
    - gather at the injury site
    - stick to the lining of the injured blood vessel
    - forms a platform on which blood coagulation can occur
    - results to formation of fibrin cloth (covers the wound and forms initial scaffodling to promote healing)
44
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS

____ at the injury site

45
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS

____ of the injured blood vessel

A

stick to the lining

46
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS

forms a ____ on which blood coagulation can occur

47
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS

results to formation of ____

A

fibrin cloth

48
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS

covers the wound and forms initial scaffolding to promote healing

A

fibrin cloth

49
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS

a higher than normal number of platelets than can cause unnecessry clotting (leading to stroke or heart attack)

A

thrombocythemia

50
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS

advances in ____ help prevent potentially fatal events

A

antiplatelet therapies

51
Q

BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS

a lower than normal number of platelets can lead to excessive bleading

A

thrombocytopenia

52
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM

the blood was centrifuged at ____

A

2500 rpm for 5mins

53
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM

method used to shake the whole blood

A

tumbling method

54
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM

reagent for test for carbohydrates

A

benedict’s

55
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM

Positive result for test for carbohydrates

A

blue soln w brick red ppt

56
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM

reagent used for test for proteins

57
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM

positive result for test for proteins

A

purple soln

58
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM

reagent used for test for chlorides

A

silver nitrate

59
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM

positive result for test for chlorides

60
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM

concentration of chlorides in blood

A

97 - 704 mEq/L

61
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM

reagent used for test for phosphates

A

ammonium molybdate

62
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM

positive result for test for phosphates

A

yellow ppt

63
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | FIBRIN

reagent used for test for tryptophan

A

hopkin-cole’s reagent

64
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | FIBRIN

positive result for test for tryptophan

A

purple ring at the junction

65
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | FIBRIN

reagent used for test for soluble proteins

A

millon’s reagent

66
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | FIBRIN

positive result for test for soluble proteins

A

red colored soln

67
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD

reagents used for test for cholesterol

A

acetic anhydride
sulfuric acid

68
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD

positive result for test for cholesterol

A

green soln

69
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD

reagent used for the test for iron

A

potassium ferricyanide

70
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD

positive result for test for iron

A

turnbull’s blue solution

71
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD

the common form of iron in the blood is in ____ state

A

ferrous (Fe+2)

72
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD

reagent used for the test for blood gases

A

stoke’s reagent

73
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD

positive result for the test for blood gases

A

dark red/purple color soln

74
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD

appears as bright red in solution

A

oxyhemoglobin

75
Q

EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD

appears darker in the solution

A

reduced hemoglobin

BIOCHEM LAB (11 decks)

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