BLOOD CHEM Flashcards
1
Q
- a specialized body fluid
- has four main components: plasma, RBC, WBC, platelets
A
BLOOD
2
Q
4 main components of blood
A
- plasma
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- platelets
3
Q
- runs through the veins, arteries, and capillaries
- a mixture of about 55% plasma and 45% blood cells
A
whole blood
4
Q
whole blood is a mixture of ____ plasma and ____ blood cells
A
55% plasma
45% blood cells
5
Q
water component of the blood
A
plasma
6
Q
about ____ of your total body weight is blood
A
7 - 8%
7
Q
about 7-8% of your ____ is blood
A
total body weight
8
Q
an average-sized man has about ____ of blood
A
12 pints (5.7L)
9
Q
an average-sized woman has about ____ of blood
A
9 pints (4.3L)
10
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS
- liquid component of the blood
- mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts
- transport blood cells throughout the body along with nutrients, waste products, antiboides, clotting proteins, chemical messengers such as hormones, and proteins that help maintain the body’s fluid balance
A
PLASMA
11
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS
the appearance of plasma will be achieved by ____
A
centrifugation
12
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS
- erythrocytes
- most abundant cells (40-45%)
- known for their bright red color
- a biconcave disc with a flattened center
A
RED BLOOD CELLS
13
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS
controls RBC production
A
erythropoietin
14
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS
start as ____ in the bone marrow and after approximately 7 days of maturation are released into the blood stream
A
immature (stem) cells
15
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS
start as immature (stem) cells in the ____ and after approximately 7 days of maturation are released into the blood stream
A
bone marrow
16
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS
start as immature (stem) cells in the** bone marrow** and after approximately ____ of maturation are released into the blood stream
A
7 days
17
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS
have no ____ and can easily change shape to fit in various vessels
A
no nucleus
18
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS
the lack of nucelus limits its life to
A
average 120 days
19
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS
- contains ____ which carries oxygen from the lungs to different organs and returns CO2 form the organs to the lungs
- responsible for the red color of the blood
A
hemoglobin
20
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS | RED BLOOD CELLS
the percentage of whole blood volume that is made up of RBCs
A
hematocrit
21
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS
- leukocytes
- protect the body from infection
- much fewer than RBCs (about 1% of the total blood)
- come in many different shapes and sizes:
- may have nuclei with multiple lobes
- may have one large, round nucleus
- may have granulocytes
A
white blood cells
22
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS
may have nuclei with ____
A
multiple lobes
23
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS
may have one ___, ___ nucleus
A
one large, round
24
Q
BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS
may have ____
A
granulocytes
25
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS**
* aka **polymorphonuclear cells**
* its shape is **irregular** and contains **many lobes**
* belong to **granulocytes**
* an "**immediate response**" cell which makes **55-70%** of the total WBCs
* **live less than a day**, therefore the bone marrow makes neutrophils everyday
NEUTROPHIL
26
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS**
**neutrophil** is also called
polymorphonuclear cells
27
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS**
**neutrophils** make ____% of the **total WBCs**
55-70%
28
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS**
**neutrophils** live ____
less than a day
29
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS**
* **young WBCs**
* develop into **macrophages** after they migrate into tissue
* provide an **immediate defense** (**phagocytosis**)
* are aslo "**antigen-presenting cells**", presenting the foreign antigen to other immune cells to trigger an immune response
monocytes
30
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS**
**monocytes** are known as ____
young WBCs
31
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS**
monocytes **develop** into ____ **after** they **migrate** into tissue
macrophages
32
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS**
the **immediate defense** that **monocytes** provide
phagocytosis
33
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS**
**monocytes** are **also** known as ____
antigen-presenting cells
34
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS**
* **round** cells than contain a **single**, **large round nucleus**
* **two main class** that trigger different response: B cells, T cells
lymphocytes
35
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES**
* cells that mature in **bone marrow**
* aka **plasma cells**
* produce **highly specific antibodies** that bind to antigen
B cells
36
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES**
**B** cells mature in
bone marrow
37
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES**
**B** cells are also known as
plasma cells
38
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES**
**B** cells produce ____ that **bind to antigen**
highly specific antibodies
39
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES**
* cells that mature in **thymus gland**
* helper ____ cells **secrete chemicals** that recruit other immune cells
* cytotoxic ____ cells **attack virally infected** cells
T cells
40
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES**
**T** cells mature in ____
thymus gland
41
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES**
**T** cells that **secrete chemicals** that **recruit** other immune cells
helper T cells
42
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | WHITE BLOOD CELLS | LYMPHOCYTES**
**T** cells that **attack virally infected** cells
cytotoxic T cells
43
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS**
* not actually cells but rather **small fragments of cells**
* help the **blood clotting** process:
- **gather** at the **injury site**
- **stick to the lining** of the injured blood vessel
- forms a **platform** on which **blood coagulation can occur**
- results to **formation of fibrin cloth** (covers the wound and forms initial scaffodling to promote healing)
platelets
44
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS**
____ at the injury site
gather
45
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS**
____ of the injured **blood vessel**
stick to the lining
46
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS**
forms a ____ on which **blood coagulation can occur**
platform
47
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS**
results to formation of ____
fibrin cloth
48
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS**
**covers** the **wound** and forms **initial scaffolding** to promote healing
fibrin cloth
49
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS**
a **higher than normal** number of platelets than can cause **unnecessry clotting** (leading to **stroke** or **heart attack**)
thrombocythemia
50
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS**
**advances** in ____ help **prevent** potentially fatal events
antiplatelet therapies
51
# **BLOOD COMPONENTS | PLATELETS**
a **lower than normal** number of platelets can lead to **excessive bleading**
thrombocytopenia
52
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM**
the blood was **centrifuged** at ____
2500 rpm for 5mins
53
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM**
**method** used to **shake** the **whole blood**
tumbling method
54
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM**
**reagent** for test for **carbohydrates**
benedict's
55
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM**
**Positive** result for test for **carbohydrates**
blue soln w brick red ppt
56
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM**
**reagent** used for test for **proteins**
biuret
57
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM**
**positive** result for test for **proteins**
purple soln
58
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM**
**reagent** used for test for **chlorides**
silver nitrate
59
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM**
**positive** result for test for **chlorides**
white ppt
60
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM**
concentration of **chlorides** in blood
97 - 704 mEq/L
61
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM**
**reagent** used for test for **phosphates**
ammonium molybdate
62
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | SERUM**
**positive** result for test for **phosphates**
yellow ppt
63
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | FIBRIN**
**reagent** used for test for **tryptophan**
hopkin-cole's reagent
64
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | FIBRIN**
**positive** result for test for **tryptophan**
purple ring at the junction
65
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | FIBRIN**
**reagent** used for test for **soluble proteins**
millon's reagent
66
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | FIBRIN**
**positive** result for test for **soluble proteins**
red colored soln
67
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD**
**reagents** used for test for **cholesterol**
acetic anhydride
sulfuric acid
68
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD**
**positive** result for test for **cholesterol**
green soln
69
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD**
**reagent** used for the test for **iron**
potassium ferricyanide
70
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD**
**positive** result for test for **iron**
turnbull's blue solution
71
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD**
the **common form of iron** in the blood is in ____ state
ferrous (Fe+2)
72
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD**
**reagent** used for the test for **blood gases**
stoke's reagent
73
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD**
**positive** result for the test for **blood gases**
dark red/purple color soln
74
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD**
appears as **bright red** in solution
oxyhemoglobin
75
# **EXPERIMENT RESULTS | WHOLE BLOOD**
appears **darker** in the solution
reduced hemoglobin
