Exercise 40 — Urinary System Flashcards
structural units responsible for filtering blood and forming urine
nephrons
2 kinds of nephrons
cortical
juxtamedullary
most numerous nephrons
cortical nephrons
_______ nephrons are located in the renal cortex
cortical
__________ nephrons have nephron loops which penetrate deeply into renal medulla
juxtamedullary
3 processes of urine formation
filtration
reabsorption
secretion
the role of the glomerulus which is a passive process
filtration
during _____ ________, filtrate components move through tubule cells and return to blood
tubular reabsorption
tubular reabsorption mainly depends on ______ transport processes
active
most tubular reabsorption occurs in the…
proximal convoluted tubule
reverse process of tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion
the ______ arteriole feeds the glomerulus bed, and the _______ arteriole drains it
afferent
efferent
the _________ capillary bed arises from the efferent arteriole
peritubular
efferent arterioles that supply juxtaglomerular nephrons are called ____ _____ and are essential for concentrated urine formation
vasa recta
every nephron has a ________ ____ located where the most distal portion of the ascending limb of the nephron loop touches the afferent arteriole
juxtaglomerular complex
cells that form the juxtaglomerular complex
granular cells
macula densa
function of juxtaglomerular complex
regulates rate of filtration and systemic blood pressure
stores urine temporarily
urinary bladder
bladder receives urine via the _______ and discharges it via the _______
ureter
urethra
voiding the bladder
micturition
sphincter composed of smooth muscle
sphincter composed of skeletal muscle
internal urethral sphincter
external urethral sphincter
micturition occurs when the sphincters _____ and the detrusor _______
relax
contracts
spinal cord reflex resulting from stretch receptors in bladder wall
micturition reflex
