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BS014—Anatomy & Physiology II Lab > Exercise 38 — Digestive System > Flashcards

Exercise 38 — Digestive System Flashcards

1
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15
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16
Q

function of digestive system

A

provides body with nutrients, water, and electrolytes essential for health

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17
Q

define digestion

A

ingested food is broken down into smaller diffusible components to make it available to body

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18
Q

define absorption

A

results of digestion pass through epithelial cells lining the tract into the blood for distribution to body cells

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19
Q

two major groups of digestive system

A

gastrointestinal tract (alimentary canal)

accessory digestive organs

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20
Q

teeth, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas are…

A

accessory digestive structures

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21
Q

tongue is supported by the ________ muscle

A

mylohyoid

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22
Q

secures tongue to floor of mouth

A

lingual frenulum

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23
Q

palatine tonsils are bound by the anterior _________ arch and the posterior _________ arch

A

palatoglossal arch (anterior)

palatopharyngeal arch (posterior)

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24
Q

inflammation of palatine tonsils

A

tonsilitis

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25
Q

sphincter between esophagus and stomach

A

gastroesophageal sphincter (cardia)

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26
Q

two mesenteries connected to stomach

A

greater omentum

lesser omentum

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27
Q

lesser omentum extends from liver to the _____ ______

A

lesser curvature

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28
Q

greater omentum extends from the ______ ______

A

greater curvature

29
Q

______ ______ secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes

A

gastic glands

30
Q

after food is processed in stomach it becomes _____

A

chyme

31
Q

what do chief cells produce

A

pepsinogen

32
Q

what do parietal cells produce

A

HCl

intrinsic factor

33
Q

between stomach and duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

34
Q

first 10 inches of small intestine

A

duodenum

35
Q

extends 8 feet from the duodenum

A

jejunum

36
Q

extends 12 feet after jejunum

A

ileum

37
Q

between small & large intestines

A

ileocecal valve

38
Q

one of two enzymes in small intestine - bound to microvilli

A

brush border enzymes

39
Q

enzymes move from pancreas to small intestine via the…

A

main pancreatic duct

40
Q

bile enters small intestine via the ___ ____

A

bile duct

41
Q

in small intestine, ducts join to form bulblike __________ _____ which empty their products into duodenum through the ______ ______ _____, controlled by the _______ ______

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

major duodenal papilla

hepatopancreatic sphincter

42
Q

microscopic projections on surface of epithelial lining of small intestine

A

microvilli

43
Q

fingerlike projections of the mucosa tunic in small intestine that give it a velvety appearance

A

villi

44
Q

deep permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa of small intestine that force chyme to spiral through intestine, slowing its progress

A

circular folds

45
Q

lymph nodules in submucosa of small intestine

A

Peyer’s patches

46
Q

inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

47
Q

right side of colon is ______, left side is _______

A

ascending

descending

48
Q

3 longitudinal muscle bands of large intestine

A

teniae coli

49
Q

pocketlike sacs of large intestine

A

haustra

50
Q

3 pairs of major salivary glands

A

parotid glands

submandibular glands

sublingual glands

51
Q

salivary glands anterior to ear

A

parotid glands

52
Q

salivary glands along medial aspect of mandibular body

A

submandibular glands

53
Q

salivary glands anterior in floor of mouth

A

sublingual glands

54
Q

saliva consists of glycoprotein _____

A

mucin

55
Q

mass of food in the mouth

A

bolus

56
Q

______ _______ in saliva begins digestion of starch

A

salivary amylase

57
Q

largest gland in body

A

liver

58
Q

liver is suspended from diaphragm by the…

A

falciform ligament

59
Q

liver’s digestive function

A

produces bile

60
Q

bile function

A

emulsifies fats

61
Q

function of gallbladder

A

stores bile when digestion is not occuring

62
Q

hexagonal structures in liver

A

lobules

63
Q

liver cells

A

hepatocytes

64
Q

at each of the 6 corners of a lobule

A

portal triad

65
Q

blood filled spaces between liver cells

A

sinusoids

66
Q

phagocytic cells lining sinusoids

A

stellate macrophages OR hepatic macrophages

67
Q

bile flows through tiny canals called _____ ______ running between liver cells

A

bile canaliculi

68
Q

pancreatic juice is very _______ and neutralizes acidic chyme

A

alkaline

69
Q

why does the acidic chyme need to be neutralized as it enters the small intestine?

A

pancreatic and intestinal enzymes function optimally at slightly alkaline pH

BS014—Anatomy & Physiology II Lab (13 decks)

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