Exercise 38 — Digestive System Flashcards
function of digestive system
provides body with nutrients, water, and electrolytes essential for health
define digestion
ingested food is broken down into smaller diffusible components to make it available to body
define absorption
results of digestion pass through epithelial cells lining the tract into the blood for distribution to body cells
two major groups of digestive system
gastrointestinal tract (alimentary canal)
accessory digestive organs
teeth, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas are…
accessory digestive structures
tongue is supported by the ________ muscle
mylohyoid
secures tongue to floor of mouth
lingual frenulum
palatine tonsils are bound by the anterior _________ arch and the posterior _________ arch
palatoglossal arch (anterior)
palatopharyngeal arch (posterior)
inflammation of palatine tonsils
tonsilitis
sphincter between esophagus and stomach
gastroesophageal sphincter (cardia)
two mesenteries connected to stomach
greater omentum
lesser omentum
lesser omentum extends from liver to the _____ ______
lesser curvature
greater omentum extends from the ______ ______
greater curvature
______ ______ secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes
gastic glands
after food is processed in stomach it becomes _____
chyme
what do chief cells produce
pepsinogen
what do parietal cells produce
HCl
intrinsic factor
between stomach and duodenum
pyloric sphincter
first 10 inches of small intestine
duodenum
extends 8 feet from the duodenum
jejunum
extends 12 feet after jejunum
ileum
between small & large intestines
ileocecal valve
one of two enzymes in small intestine - bound to microvilli
brush border enzymes
enzymes move from pancreas to small intestine via the…
main pancreatic duct
bile enters small intestine via the ___ ____
bile duct
in small intestine, ducts join to form bulblike __________ _____ which empty their products into duodenum through the ______ ______ _____, controlled by the _______ ______
hepatopancreatic ampulla
major duodenal papilla
hepatopancreatic sphincter
microscopic projections on surface of epithelial lining of small intestine
microvilli
fingerlike projections of the mucosa tunic in small intestine that give it a velvety appearance
villi
deep permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa of small intestine that force chyme to spiral through intestine, slowing its progress
circular folds
lymph nodules in submucosa of small intestine
Peyer’s patches
inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
right side of colon is ______, left side is _______
ascending
descending
3 longitudinal muscle bands of large intestine
teniae coli
pocketlike sacs of large intestine
haustra
3 pairs of major salivary glands
parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands
salivary glands anterior to ear
parotid glands
salivary glands along medial aspect of mandibular body
submandibular glands
salivary glands anterior in floor of mouth
sublingual glands
saliva consists of glycoprotein _____
mucin
mass of food in the mouth
bolus
______ _______ in saliva begins digestion of starch
salivary amylase
largest gland in body
liver
liver is suspended from diaphragm by the…
falciform ligament
liver’s digestive function
produces bile
bile function
emulsifies fats
function of gallbladder
stores bile when digestion is not occuring
hexagonal structures in liver
lobules
liver cells
hepatocytes
at each of the 6 corners of a lobule
portal triad
blood filled spaces between liver cells
sinusoids
phagocytic cells lining sinusoids
stellate macrophages OR hepatic macrophages
bile flows through tiny canals called _____ ______ running between liver cells
bile canaliculi
pancreatic juice is very _______ and neutralizes acidic chyme
alkaline
why does the acidic chyme need to be neutralized as it enters the small intestine?
pancreatic and intestinal enzymes function optimally at slightly alkaline pH
