Exercise 27 — Adrenal Gland

Question 1

location of adrenal glands

Answer 1

atop kidneys

Question 2

3 adrenal cortices

Answer 2

zona glomerulosa

zona fasciculata

zona reticularis

Question 3

adrenal medulla cells

Answer 3

chromaffin cells

Question 4

hormones of zona glomerulosa

Answer 4

mineralcorticoids: mostly aldosterone

Question 5

hormones of zona fasciculata

Answer 5

glucocorticoids: mostly cortisol

Question 6

hormones of zona reticularis

Answer 6

gonadocorticoids: androgens

Question 7

hormones of chromaffin cells

Answer 7

catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 8

aldosterone stimulus for release

Answer 8

angiotensin II

increased blood potassium

ACTH in times of severe stress

Question 9

cortisol stimulus for release

Answer 9

ACTH

Question 10

androgens stimulus for release

Answer 10

ACTH

Question 11

catecholamines stimulus for release

Answer 11

nerve impulses from preganglionic sympathetic fibers

Question 12

aldosterone target

Answer 12

kidneys

Question 13

cortisol target

Answer 13

most body cells

Question 14

androgens target

Answer 14

bone, muscle, integument, other tissues

Question 15

catecholamines target

Answer 15

most body cells

Question 16

two catecholamines

Answer 16

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 17

effects of aldosterone

Answer 17

increases kidney absorption of Na and water

increases secretion of K in urine

Question 18

effects of cortisol

Answer 18

promotes breakdown of fat and protein

promotes stress resistance

inhibits immune response

Question 19

effects of androgens

Answer 19

females: body growth, development of pubic and axillary hair, enhance sex drive

males: insignificant effects

Question 20

effects of catecholamines

Answer 20

mimics sympathetic nervous system “fight or flight” response