Exer 3: KII and PNA Flashcards
4CR Principles in Research / Technical Writing
• Creativity
• Clarity
• Consistency • Coherence • Rigor
Tools, what are it’s Source of Info.
KII
In-deth interview
Focus Group
Survey
- key informant
- Participant/In-depth Interviewee
- Focus Group Participant
- Respondent
- What are the guides to focus group?
Main unit is?
Is it homogenous or heterogenous?
Is it the best data collection?
If it answers the RO it is?
The design should be what?
And what is it if it has less bumps in domains?
• Main Unit is the group
• Homogenous
• Check if FG is the best data collection
tool to address the Research Objective
(RO)
• Technically sound -> answers the ROs
• All parts are covered -> consent form
• Design should be flowy -> spot
similarity
• Fluid -> Less bumps both in cognitive
process, logic and design
Other Guides to Focus Group
What is the time for the whole FG?
The time analysis per question is?
What equipment should we ensure?
We also ensure that FG is what?
How many persons are needed?
And what are the four roles here?
Should be one hour only. Otherwise, it is a workshop
• Time analysis -> 5 to 10 minute per question
• Ensure you have pen, notepad, recorder, camera
• Ensure that FG is conversational and a safe space where
everybody can express their opinions
• Need three to four persons
• Facilitator, co-facilitator, note-taker, runner/documenter
Guide to KII
What is the main unit?
Is KI the best data collection tool?
If it answers the RO, it is?
Design should be what?
If it has less bumps both in the structure then it is?
• Main Unit is the individual
• Check if KI is the best data collection
tool to address the Research Objective
(RO)
• Technically sound -> answers the ROs
• All parts are covered -> consent form
• Design should be flowy -> spot
similarity
• Fluid -> Less bumps both in cognitive
process, logic and design
Other Guide to KII
What is the time as a while?
What is the time analysis per question?
What equipment should we ensure?
Interviewing should be?
How many persons are needed?
What are the roles needed?
• Should be one hour only
• Ensure you have pen, notepad, recorder, camera • Time analysis -> 5 minutes per question
• Conversational and fluid
• Need one to two persons
• Interviewer, note taker
• Society’s first responsibility is to meet basic survival needs of its members, biological, social, emotional, and spiritual.
• Ponsioen asserts that every society will identify a level below which no one should fall.
PNA
Maslow’s Hierarchy
Physiological
Safety
Love/Belonging
Esteem
Self-actualization
• Social Technology used in government and non- government agencies
• “develop a picture of organizational quality, recognize best practices, and identify possible opportunities for improvement” (Moore, 2009).
Community Needs Assessment
• Provides measures of the key elements in the community environment and other key aspects of community life, which have a bearing on its development and potential.
• systematic process of asking questions, comparing answers, and making informed decisions about what to do next to improve human (or organizational) conditions and performance.
Community Needs Assessment
Why conduct a CNA?
• To guide decision-making.
• To provide justification for decisions before they are
made.
• To provide a systemic perspective for decision-makers.
• To allow for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary
solutions for complex problems.
• To offer a replicable process that can be used over and
over again.
• To focus partners (or the network) on shared understanding of issues and shared goals.
Decision Making, Justification for decisions, Systematic perspective, Inter and Transdisciplinary solutions, replicable process, focus the partners
Four Types of Team Members
Starter
Network
Middle
Finisher
Four Types of Needs
• Normative
• Perceived
• Expressed
• Relative
• Need defined by what people think or feel about their needs.
• Allows for responsive service delivery.
• Interviews,focus groups,town meetings.
• Standard changes with each respondent.
Perceived Need
• Existence of standards or criterion established by custom, authority or
general consensus against which quantity or quality of a situation or condition is measured.
• Work with existing data.
• Generates objective targets.
• Need levels change as knowledge,
technology and values change.
Normative Need
• Need defined by the number of people who have sought help.
• Focuses on circumstances in which feeling is translated to action.
• Major weakness is the assumption that all persons with need seek appropriate help.
Expressed Need
• Gap between level of services existing in one community and those existing in similar communities or geographic areas.
• Must consider differences in population and social pathology.
• Concerned with equity.
Relative Need
In Needs Assessment and Program Planning:
- Needs assessment starts with?
- It integrated what methods?
- What does it informs and define?
- Needs are translated into what?
• Needs assessment starts with problem analysis.
• Integrates qualitative and quantitative methods.
• Informs solutions and can define the size of the target group.
• Needs are translated into measurable objectives, resources, and criteria necessary for program planning and evaluation.
What are the types of needs of the ff.
Extrapolating from existing studies
Resource inventories
Service statistics
Social surveys
Public forum
Normative need
Normative and relative need
Expressed and relative need
Perceived need
Perceived need
