Excretory System Review

Question 1

What is the main function of the excretory system?

Answer 1

Removing liquid wastes from the body

Question 2

What organs are associated with JUST the excretory system? What substance does each excrete?

Answer 2

Skin- Sweat (water and salt)
Lungs- water
Liver- Urea

Question 3

What substances are part of both excretory and urinary system? What does each excrete?

Answer 3

Kidneys- urea, water
Ureter
Bladder
urethra

Question 4

What are the three parts to a kidney?

Answer 4

Pelvis, medulla, cortex

Question 5

What word refers to kidneys in biology?

Answer 5

Renal

Question 6

What is the approximate size of a kidney?

Answer 6

~Computer mouse

Question 7

Define homeostasis.

Answer 7

To maintain balance

Question 8

How does the urinary system maintain balance?

Answer 8

Osmoregulation- maintaining homeostasis through water balance

Question 9

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Answer 9

1. Waste management
2. Regulate water and liquid levels in blood
3. Regulate a proper ph

Question 10

Micturition?💧

Answer 10

Urination

Question 11

Describe the ureters.

Answer 11

Two collapsible tubes that move urine by peristalsis from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The ureters have valves to prevent back flow.

(Half the size of esophagus)

Question 12

Describe the bladder.

Answer 12

• Muscular sac for temporary storage of urine.
• walls are made of rugae (for sizing)
• Can hold 500ml comfortably.
• 1000ml total in adult.

Question 13

Describe the urethra.

Answer 13

• Short tube with an involuntarily controlled sphincter leading urine out of the body.
• Brain maturation allows humans to voluntarily control the sphincter.

Question 14

What does normal urine look like? (Colour, turbidity, smell)

Answer 14

Clear
Pale yellow
Nutty smell

Question 15

What are three things that can be revealed from a chemstix urine sample?

Answer 15

• possible diseases
• drugs in system
• hydration levels

Question 16

List three abnormal colours for urine and what they might mean?

Answer 16

Orange- extreme dehydration
Red- bleeding in urinalysis tract (possible cancer)
Clear- too much water

Question 17

What might a urine sample be taken? (3)

Answer 17

• identify conditions
• Routine physical
• Drug tests

Question 18

What is Dialysis?

Answer 18

A machine that filters ones blood when their kidneys are unable to. ~3-4 hours every couple days is typically needed for someone with kidney issues.

Question 19

What are kidney stones?

Answer 19

Hard deposits of minerals and slats that crystallize and form in the kidney. This causes huge amounts of pain when the stone makes its way through the urinary system.

Question 20

Where does a transplanted kidney go?

Answer 20

By the groin.

The old kidney will shrivel up to size of walnut over time.

Question 21

What is ADH, what does it do?

Answer 21

Antidiuretic hormone: released by pituitary gland into the blood that tells the kidneys to reabsorbed water, which creates less urine.

Question 22

What are the effects of excessive caffeine and or alcohol consumption on kidneys?

Answer 22

Inhibits ADH, which leads to dehydration and more urination, but less absorption.

Question 23

Where are the kidneys located?

Answer 23

Back of abdominal cavity, either side of spine.

Question 24

What happens when excretory system organs are damaged?

Answer 24

Body tissues fill with waste products and swelling can occur.

(Death)😵…. maybe

Question 25

What organ is most urea made in?

Answer 25

Liver

Liver cells

Question 26

What does specific gravity indicate in a urine sample?

Answer 26

Concentration of solutes in urine