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S2 Case 1 - IBD > Excipients for Powder Mixtures > Flashcards

Excipients for Powder Mixtures Flashcards

1
Q

What excipients are used for delivery?

A

Solvent
Co-solvent
Disintegrant

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2
Q

What excipients are used for acceptability?

A

Colour
Falvourant

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3
Q

What excipients are used for stability?

A

Antioxidant
Preservative
Suspending agents

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4
Q

What excipients are used for handling (+ vol)?

A

Filer/diluent
Glidant
Lubricant

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5
Q

What must excipient properties be?

A

Inert
Safe (non-toxic)
Economical
Quality–assured

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6
Q

What are the excipients for powder mixtures?

A

Diluent
Binder
Disintegrant
Glidant
Anti-adherent
Lubricant

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7
Q

What are the most common excipients?

A

Lactose
Starch
Cellulose
Talc
Colloidal silicon dioxide
Magnesium stearate

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8
Q

What are the different types of lactose?

A

Monohydrate
Anhydrous
Spray-dried

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9
Q

What are the different types of starch?

A

Natural
Pre-gelatinised

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10
Q

What are the different types of cellulose?

A

Powdered
Microcrystalline

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11
Q

Describe lactose

A

H2O soluble
Less sweet than sucrose

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12
Q

What are the 2 isomers of lactose?

A

α-lactose
β-lactose.

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13
Q

What are the problems with lactose?

A

Instability with primary amine-containing drugs.
Problematic for lactose-intolerant individuals.

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14
Q

Describe lactose monohydrate

A

H2O content higher than lactose
Odourless
White

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15
Q

How is lactose monohydrate formed?

A

Crystallised from supersaturated lactose solutions
Crystal shapes depend on method of precipitation

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16
Q

What is lactose monohydrate widely used as?

A

Binder with wet granulation in tabletting
OR
Binder for tablets + capsules

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17
Q

What do you not use lactose monohydrate with?

A

Drugs susceptible to hydrolysis

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18
Q

How is anhydrous lactose produced?

A

Drying lactose solution, followed by milling + sieving

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19
Q

What is anhydrous lactose used as?

A

Diluent + binder for tablets + hard-shell capsules

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20
Q

What is anhydrous lactose suitable for?

A

Moisture-sensitive drugs.

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21
Q

Describe spray-dried lactose

A

Mixture of α-lactose monohydrate and amorphous lactose

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22
Q

How is spray-dried lactose produced?

A

Spray-drying lactose solution

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23
Q

Why is it good that spray-dried lactose has spherical particles?

A

High compactability

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24
Q

What is spray-dried lactose primarily used as?

A

Diluent and binder in direct compression tableting.

25
Q

Describe starch

A

Extracted from food crops
Amylose + amylopectin

26
Q

What is problem with starch?

A

Celiac disease

27
Q

Describe natural starch

A

Polysaccharide of D-glucose
α-1,4-glycosidic bonds
More amylopectin (branched) than amylose

28
Q

What is natural starch primarily used as?

A

Binder, diluent + disintegrant

29
Q

Describe natural starch powder

A

Odourless, tasteless, white, fine powder

30
Q

How is pregelantised starch formed?

A

Granules ruptured chemically at mechanically at 62-72°C

31
Q

Describe pregelatinised starch

A

Odourless, white powder with slight characteristic taste

32
Q

What is pregelatinised starch used as?

A

Binder, diluent + disintegrant

33
Q

What is better about pregelatinised starch than natural?

A

Improved binder properties

34
Q

Describe cellulose

A

Polysaccharide of D-glucose linked with β-1,4-glycosidic bonds
Obtained from pulp of fibrous plants

35
Q

How is powdered cellulose obtained?

A

Obtained by mechanical particle size reduction of pulp

36
Q

Describe powdered cellulose

A

White, odourless, tasteless
Slightly hygroscopic

37
Q

What is special about powdered cellulose?

A

Wide range of particle sizes ranging from fine to coarse, free flowing to non-flowing, dense or fluffy

38
Q

What is powdered cellulose primarily used as?

A

Diluent for hard-shell capsules

39
Q

Describe microcrystalline cellulose

A

Porous, hygroscopic, crystalline
White, odourless, tasteless

40
Q

How is microcrystalline cellulose obtained?

A

Through controlled acid-hydrolysis and spray-dried

41
Q

What is microcrystalline cellulose primarily used as?

A

Diluent + binder in wet granulation + direct compression

42
Q

Describe talc

A

Hydrous magnesium silicate
May contain traces of aluminium silicate and iron

43
Q

How is talc obtained?

A

Mineral—mined, pulverised and purified

44
Q

What must talc be free from?

A

Asbestos (carcinogenic)
Iron

45
Q

What is talc primarily used as?

A

Glidant, anti-adherent + lubricant

46
Q

What does talc do?

A

Coats larger particles to reduce cohesion, adhesion and friction

47
Q

What is talc insoluble in?

A

Dilute acids and alkalis, organic solvents and water

48
Q

What is asbestos-free talc considered?

A

Non-toxic, not absorbed orally

49
Q

What is talc incompatible with?

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

50
Q

Describe colloidal silicon dioxide

A

Odourless, tasteless, white/bluish-white powder

51
Q

What is colloidal silicon dioxide insoluble in?

A

Practically H2O and organic solvents

52
Q

What does colloidal silicon dioxide form in H2O?

A

Forms colloidal dispersion

53
Q

What is colloidal silicon dioxide used as?

A

Glidant
= coats larger particles to reduce cohesion

54
Q

How is colloidal silica dioxide formed?

A

Prepared by flame pyrolysis of chlorosilanes in hydrogen-oxygen flame at 1800°C, then cooled rapidly

55
Q

Describe magnesium stearate

A

Greasy to the touch, cohesive and adherent
Faint odour and taste of stearic acid
Hydrophobic

56
Q

What is magnesium stearate practically insoluble in?

A

Ethanol, ether + water

57
Q

What is magnesium stearate incompatible with?

A

Strong oxidising agents

58
Q

What can magnesium stearate cause?

A

Aspirin degradation
= increases solubility + hydrolysis by elevating pH

59
Q

What is magnesium stearate primarily used as?

A

Lubricant

S2 Case 1 - IBD (18 decks)

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