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S2 Case 1 - IBD > Controlled Drug, Opioid Misuse + Opioid Substitution Therapy > Flashcards

Controlled Drug, Opioid Misuse + Opioid Substitution Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Can drugs be not deliberately misused?

A

YES
= didn’t know medicine was addictive

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2
Q

What drugs are misused?

A

OTC
Prescription
Plant material
Caffeine
Tobacco

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3
Q

What are some OTCs?

A

Valoid tablets - cyclizine
Sudafed
Senna
Co-codamol

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4
Q

Cyclizine

A

Anti-sickness
Antihistamine
Grounded up + IV = euphoric effect

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5
Q

Sudafed
Pseudoephedrine

A

Precursor for meth

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6
Q

Senna

A

Stimulant laxative
Eating disorders

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7
Q

Co-codamol

A

Analgesic
Paracetamol + codeine
= opioid = addictive

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8
Q

Methylated spirit

A

Methanol = alcoholic effect
BUT can make you blind

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9
Q

How do they treat methanol poisoning?

A

Treat by giving ethanol
= metabolism of ethanol will compete with metabolism of ethanol

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10
Q

Solvents
eg. glue

A

Sniff = high BUT sensitise body to adrenaline

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11
Q

Describe opioids

A

Ver addictive
Derived from opium poppy

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12
Q

What are the alkaloids of opium?

A

Morphine
Codeine
Papaverine = erectile disfunction
Noscapine = cough suppressant

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13
Q

Describe heroin

A

Diamorphine
Semi-synthetic derivative
Sch 2

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14
Q

What is heroin structure?

A

Same as morphine BUT OH groups replaced by CH3
= more lipophilic
= get to brain quicker
= 2x more potent

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15
Q

Why can you overdose quite easily with heroin?

A

Don’t know how much active ingredient is present
= drug cut with citric acid/baking powder
= make more soluble

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16
Q

How can heroin cause loss of limbs?

A

Contain small insoluble particles (drug cut with)
= block blood vessels
= tissue necrosis

17
Q

Describe cocaine

A

Local anaesthetic

18
Q

Hydrochloride cocaine

A

Coke
= snorted

19
Q

Alkaloid base cocaine

A

Crack
= vapour inhaled

20
Q

How does cocaine work?

A

Massive release of catecholamine transmitters

21
Q

What damage can cocaine cause?

A

To nasal mucosa

22
Q

What are amphetamines used to treat?

A

Narcolepsy or ADHD

23
Q

What are the different amphetamines?

A

Atomoxetine
Dexamfetamine
Methylphenidate
ALL STIMULANTS

24
Q

How is crystal meth taken?

A

Smoked
Snorted
Taken orally
Injected

25
Q

What is 3,4-methlenedioxymethamphetamine?

A

MDMA

26
Q

How can meth be made?

A

Pseudoephedrine

27
Q

What is the RPS advice for pseudoephedrine?

A

Limit max pack size to 720mg = 12 tablets

28
Q

Describe benzodiazepines

A

Medication on prescription
All contain benzene
Relive anxiety

29
Q

What are some examples of benzodiazepines?

A

Lorazepam = short acting = reduces anxiety
Temazepam = long acting = promote sleep

30
Q

What is the guidance on prescription of benzodiazepines?

A

Treat insomnia or short-term relief anxiety ONLY if severe, disabling or unacceptable stress

31
Q

Benzodiazepines at high dose

A

High

32
Q

Which benzodiazepines is particularly abused?

A

Temazepam
= used to be liquid-filled capsule = injected
= changed to gel-filled
BUT gel extracted + heated
BUT when gel cools = solid
= ONLY tablets now

33
Q

Describe cannabis

A

Natural product
SCH 1
Active ingredient has medicinal use

34
Q

Describe magic mushrooms

A

Similar hallucinogenic-type effects to LSD
No known therapeutic use

35
Q

Describe legal highs

A

Modify different stimulant drugs

36
Q

What is harm reduction?

A

Reduce adverse effects of drug misuse until user has decided to stop

37
Q

What are the 3 principles of harm reduction?

A

Misuse of drugs accepted BUT not approved of]
User treated as human being
Harm reduction don’t necessarily lead to riding of drug misuse

38
Q

Controversaries of harm reduction

A

Doesn’t focus on abstinence
Cost
Money better funded somewhere else?

39
Q

What are we doing?

A

Needle exchange schemes
Instalment dispensing = smaller supply of drugs
Methadone
NRT

S2 Case 1 - IBD (18 decks)

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