Dyspepsia Flashcards
What age group do peptic ulcers affect?
All age groups
Who is more common, males or females?
Male risk twice female risk
What are the major lifestyle factors?
Caffeine, smoking, alcohol, NSAIDs + stress
What is peptic ulceration caused by?
H.Pylori
Long term use of NSAIDs
Stress ulcers
What do NSAIDs do?
Block COX enzymes + decrease prostaglandin production
What does ingestion of food do to peptic ulcers?
Makes it worse
= presence of food in the stomach stimulates the production of acid
= causes pain to the exposed gastric ulcer
Because ingestion of food makes peptic ulcers worse what symptoms are associated with?
Weight loss
Nausea
What does the ingestion of food do duodenal ulcers?
Reduces pain
= presence of food in the stomach neutralises the acidity of the chyme before it enters the duodenum
= reduces the irritation of the duodenal ulcer
Describe gastric ulcers
Caused by damage to whole gastric area
= less able to secrete acid = increase pH
Describe duodenal ulcers
Gastric inflammation
Increased gastrin release = increased acid secretion
How does H.Pylori work?
Infection
Inflammation
Ulcer
Describe how NSAIDs cause gastric ulcers
Reduce prostaglandin formation = thinning of mucosa
What does aspirin do?
Binds irreversibly to COZ-1 enzymes
How can we reduce the effect of aspirin on stomach?
Gastro-resistant coating
Enteric coating = not active in stomach
Describe how NSAIDs cause gastric ulcers
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase
Decrease prostaglandins
Increase acid secretion
Decrease mucus production
Decrease blood flow
