Exchange Surfaces Flashcards
Surface area to volume ratio equation
Surface are/ volume
Root hair cell- efficient gas exchange
Large surface area as it is thin
Alveoli - efficient exchange surface
Thin layer for diffusion
Gills or alveoli - efficient exchange surface
Have a good blood supply and ventilation to maintain a steep gradient
Functions of cartilage
Holds open airway, reduces resistance of air flow
Function of smooth muscle
Constricts airways
Function of elastic fibres
Increases SA of alveoli as it stretches for inhalation and recoils during exhalation
Function of ciliated epithelium
To waft up mucus and dust with goblet cells to be wafted to be swallowed ((pathogens)
Draw a table of what components are present in trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
Trachea - C, S, E, C and G
Bronchi - C S E G and C
Bronchioles- S E G and C
Alveoli - SE and E
Ventilation in mammals (inhalation)
External intercostal muscles contract, ribcage moves up and out
Diaphragm contracts and moves down
Volume in thorax increases
Pressure decreases
Air is drawn in
Exhalation of mammals
External intercostal muscle relax
Ribcage goes down
Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
Volume decreased
Pressure increases
Air forced out
Mechanisms of ventilation in insects
Muscle in thorax/ abdomen change volume and pressure, air drawn in and forced out tracheal system
Mechanisms of bony fish
Opens its mouth, bucks cavity floor lowers then mouth closes and floor raises raising pressure. Water forced over gills by pressure between mouth and operculsr.
What is a spirometer used for
Measure lung volume
Vital capacity
Maximum volume of air inhaled or exhaled in a single breath
( variables: age gender size and weight)
Tidal volume
Volume of air we breathe in and out at each breath at rest
Breathing rate
Number of breaths per minute (count trouts or peaks in a min)
Residual volume
Volume of air that is always present in the lungs
