Enzymes

Question 1

What are enzymes

Answer 1

Biological catalysts that lower the activation energy for reactions

Question 2

Factors affecting rate of reaction

Answer 2

1. Enzyme and substrate concentration
2. PH
3. Temperature

Question 3

Enzyme concentration

Answer 3

Increase rate of reaction as more active sites available for substrates to catalase reactions

Question 4

Substrate concentration

Answer 4

Increase the rate of reaction as more enzyme substrates complexes are formed. Then other factors such as enzyme concentration becomes a limiting factor

Question 5

Temperaturę

Answer 5

Increase rate until the optimum temperature where enzymes work at maximum rate. Then hydrogen bonds break and change tertiary shape as enzyme denatures, decreasing the rate of reaction

Question 6

pH

Answer 6

Too acidic or alkaline can change the tertiary shape of the enzyme and cause it to change shape

Question 7

Inhibitors

Answer 7

Slow down or stop reaction by affecting the binding of the substrate to the active sites

Question 8

Irreversible inhibitors

Answer 8

Normally contains heavy metal ions to break disulphide bonds causing a change in the active sites

Question 9

Reversible active site

Answer 9

Bind to active sites through hydrogen bonds and weak ionic bonds so they bond temporarily

Question 10

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 10

Bind to active site, decreases the rate of product formation. Higher concentration lowers the rate of reaction as it competes with the substrate

Question 11

Non competitive

Answer 11

Binds to an allostertic site so it changes the shake of the active sites preventing the substrate from binding

Question 12

Coenzymes

Answer 12

Don’t bind permeability and facilitate the binding of the substrate to the enzyme. Many are vitamin derived so they are hydrogen acceptors