Exam4

Question 1

frequency of disease over time in a population at risk

Answer 1

incidence or attack rate

Question 2

number of cases in a population at risk at a particular time

Answer 2

prevalence

Question 3

given by cause-specific mortality rate or by case fatality rate

Answer 3

death rates

Question 4

deaths per year per population at mid-year

Answer 4

cause-specific mortality rate

Question 5

percentage of those with a disease who die from it

Answer 5

fatality rate

Question 6

multiple or continuous transmission within a population of a limited region

Answer 6

endemic disease

Question 7

peak in the occurrence of disease above the endemic or normal level

Answer 7

epidemics

Question 8

time between infection and presentation of symptoms

Answer 8

incubation period

Question 9

usually short in acute viruses and long in chronic infections

Answer 9

period of infectivity (communicability)

Question 10

mechanical vectors such as doorknobs

Answer 10

fomites

Question 11

the interval between the time of contact and onset of illness

Answer 11

incubation, latency

Question 12

statistical health data obtained by using sera from volunteer groups

Answer 12

seroepidemiology

Question 13

an epidemiological study that looks at the prevalence of a virus

Answer 13

cross sectional studies

Question 14

an epidemiological study that determines the cause of disease after case in sections have started

Answer 14

case control studies

Question 15

is a case control study prospective or retrospective?

Answer 15

retrospective

Question 16

an epidemiological study that identifies the exposrure first and then compares incidence of disease

Answer 16

cohort study

Question 17

is a cohort study prospective or retrospective

Answer 17

prospective

Question 18

the phase of vaccine trials that determines safety in humans

Answer 18

phase 1

Question 19

the phase of vaccine trials that investigates the immune response

Answer 19

phase 2

Question 20

the phase of vaccine trials that is a large scale field trial

Answer 20

phase 3

Question 21

horizontal transmission by instruments

Answer 21

iatrogenic

Question 22

horizontal transmission by hospitals

Answer 22

nosocomial

Question 23

these two viruses can do vertical transmission, transplacentral through fetus

Answer 23

rubella cytomegalovirus

Question 24

this virus can do vertical transmission through birth canal

Answer 24

HSV2

Question 25

viral vertical transmission through saliva or milk

Answer 25

HepB

Question 26

maintained in large and dense populations

Answer 26

acute self limiting infections

Question 27

related to virion release from the patients and quality

Answer 27

transmissability

Question 28

transovarial transmission allows ___ to persist in insect hosts

Answer 28

arbo

Question 29

___ cycle of arovirusess is through an alternating cycle between the invertebrate and vertebrate hosts

Answer 29

enzoonotic

Question 30

Name the 6 genera of picornavirus

Answer 30

enterovirus, rhinovirus, aphtovirus, cardiovirus, hepatovirus, parcheovirus

Question 31

Name the 4 species of enterovirus

Answer 31

human polio, coxsackie, echovirus, enerovirus

Question 32

Name the 2 species of rhinovirus

Answer 32

human rhino, bovine rhino

Question 33

name the species associated with apthovirus

Answer 33

foot and mouth disease

Question 34

name the species associated with cardiovus

Answer 34

encephalomyocarditis, mengo

Question 35

name the species associated with hepatovirus in the picornavirus family

Answer 35

HepA

Question 36

What are the two species associated with prechovirus?

Answer 36

human parechovirus and ljungan virus

Question 37

size of picornavirus

Answer 37

30nm

Question 38

morphology of picornavirus

Answer 38

naked icosahedral

Question 39

genetic material of rhinovirus

Answer 39

ss+RNA

Question 40

is the naked RNA of rhinovirus infectious?

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

where does rhinovirus replicate?

Answer 41

cytoplasm

Question 42

what does the VP1 of poliovirus code for?

Answer 42

pentamers

Question 43

what does the VP2 and VP3 of poliovirus code for?

Answer 43

hexamers

Question 44

what does the VP4 of poliovirus code for?

Answer 44

maturation protein, associated with attachment

Question 45

What are the following viruses associated with? Campylobacter i jejune, cytomegalovirus, EBV, mycoplasma pneumonia, rabid vaccine, swine flue vaccine

Answer 45

gullian barre syndrome

Question 46

causes an immune attack on peripheral nerves when axons are transfected during inflammatory demyelination

Answer 46

molecular mimicry

Question 47

how does enterovirus infect a new host?

Answer 47

ingested

Question 48

where is the alimentary phase of enterovirus

Answer 48

oropharengeal mucosa

Question 49

where is the lymphatic phase of enterovius

Answer 49

deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 50

where is the viremic phase of enterovis

Answer 50

blood

Question 51

where is the neurological phase of enterovirus

Answer 51

CNA

Question 52

this vaccine contained a virus that had not been killed

Answer 52

salk polio vaccine

Question 53

how is the polio virus inactivated for the vaccine

Answer 53

by formaldehyfe

Question 54

how many immunizations are recommended for the polio series?

Answer 54

3

Question 55

individuals who survived ___ show muscular weakness and paralysis many years after the initial infection and recover

Answer 55

polio

Question 56

what is the cause of pain, weakness, fatigue for paralytic polio survivors

Answer 56

degeneration of motor neurons

Question 57

what are two experimental drug treatments for post polio syndrome

Answer 57

pyridostigime & seligiline

Question 58

which drugs raise the threshold fatigue for PPS?

Answer 58

amatadien, deprenylm mestinon

Question 59

how is the virus structure determines

Answer 59

x-ray crystallography

Question 60

which form of meningitis is more common?

Answer 60

viral

Question 61

what does the cerebral spinal fluid look like for viral meningitis?

Answer 61

clear

Question 62

90% of viral meningitis are caused by ___

Answer 62

enterovirus family

Question 63

how is viral meningitis spread?

Answer 63

coughing, sneezing, poor hygeine

Question 64

how long is incubation period of viral meningitis

Answer 64

3 weeks

Question 65

what are some long term defects caused by viral meningitis

Answer 65

seiaures, abnormalities, and retardation

Question 66

which virus is stable at a ph3 and can survive passage through the stomach and is spread by the fecal oral route?

Answer 66

enterovirus

Question 67

where do enteroviruses multiply in the cell

Answer 67

in the cytoplasm

Question 68

how to enteroviruses multiply

Answer 68

produce a large precursor protein that undergoes translation al cleavage

Question 69

what does coxsackie A produce

Answer 69

vesicles, blisters, ulcers, lesions on buttocks, fever, sore throat,

Question 70

an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle that can be caused by viruses, the most common being cocky B viruses and in children with adenoviruses as well

Answer 70

viral myocarditis

Question 71

cause 50% of all upper respiratory tract infections

Answer 71

rhinoviruses

Question 72

inactivaed at low pH, grow best at 33C

Answer 72

rhinoviruses

Question 73

infection of rhinoviruses leads to producetion of ___ and __

Answer 73

IgA and IgG

Question 74

why is there no long term protective immunity from rhinoviruses?

Answer 74

may serotypes

Question 75

reservoirs of rhinovirus

Answer 75

children

Question 76

when is someone with rhinovirus most infective?

Answer 76

early symptoms of sneezing, runny nose, cough

Question 77

Which Hepatitis in "infectious"?

Answer 77

A

Question 78

Which hepatitis is "serum"

Answer 78

B and D

Question 79

Which non-A/b hep is entirely transmitted

Answer 79

E

Question 80

Which non a and non b hepatitis is perentaerally transmitted

Answer 80

C and G

Question 81

What is the source of HepA

Answer 81

feces

Question 82

how is HepA transmitted

Answer 82

fecal oral

Question 83

is HepA chronic?

Answer 83

no

Question 84

how do you prevent HepA

Answer 84

pre/post exposure immunization

Question 85

What family is HepA in

Answer 85

picornaviridae

Question 86

What is the morphology of HepA

Answer 86

nonenveloped icosahedral

Question 87

what is the gene of HepA like?

Answer 87

+ssRNA with VPG protein at 5' end

Question 88

when was the HepA vaccine available?

Answer 88

1995

Question 89

What is the average incubation period for HepA

Answer 89

30 days

Question 90

What population infected with HepA is more likely to experience jaundice

Answer 90

those over 14 yp

Question 91

What are some complications from HepA

Answer 91

fulminant hepatitis, chloestatis hepatitis, relapsing hepatitis

Question 92

is there a chronic sequelae for HepA?

Answer 92

none

Question 93

What are the symptoms of HepA

Answer 93

fever, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, fatigeu, abdominal pain, appetite loss, jaundice, dark urine

Question 94

how is HepA transmitted

Answer 94

close contact - household, sex, daycare, contaminated food or water - shellfish, food handlers, or rare blood exposure

Question 95

Who is at greatist risk for HepA

Answer 95

travelers to endemic regions, MSM, IVD users, ppl with clotting factor disorders, people working with susceptible primates

Question 96

HepA vaccine efficacy of HAVRIX

Answer 96

94%

Question 97

HepA vaccine efficacy of VAQTA

Answer 97

100%

Question 98

What are three benefits of routine HepA fax for children?

Answer 98

established delivery system, vaccination before risk period, potential to interrupt transmission

Question 99

What are some unresolved issues for routine childhood HepA fax?

Answer 99

immunogenicity, development of combo vac, duration of protection, cost-effectiveness

Question 100

Who does the ACIP recommend get vaxxed for HepA?

Answer 100

Preexposure vax for those at increased risk, communities with high rates of HepA