Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Virology > Exam4 > Flashcards

Exam4 Flashcards

1
Q

frequency of disease over time in a population at risk

A

incidence or attack rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

number of cases in a population at risk at a particular time

A

prevalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

given by cause-specific mortality rate or by case fatality rate

A

death rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

deaths per year per population at mid-year

A

cause-specific mortality rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

percentage of those with a disease who die from it

A

fatality rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

multiple or continuous transmission within a population of a limited region

A

endemic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

peak in the occurrence of disease above the endemic or normal level

A

epidemics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

time between infection and presentation of symptoms

A

incubation period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

usually short in acute viruses and long in chronic infections

A

period of infectivity (communicability)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mechanical vectors such as doorknobs

A

fomites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the interval between the time of contact and onset of illness

A

incubation, latency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

statistical health data obtained by using sera from volunteer groups

A

seroepidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

an epidemiological study that looks at the prevalence of a virus

A

cross sectional studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

an epidemiological study that determines the cause of disease after case in sections have started

A

case control studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is a case control study prospective or retrospective?

A

retrospective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

an epidemiological study that identifies the exposrure first and then compares incidence of disease

A

cohort study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is a cohort study prospective or retrospective

A

prospective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the phase of vaccine trials that determines safety in humans

A

phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the phase of vaccine trials that investigates the immune response

A

phase 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the phase of vaccine trials that is a large scale field trial

A

phase 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

horizontal transmission by instruments

A

iatrogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

horizontal transmission by hospitals

A

nosocomial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

these two viruses can do vertical transmission, transplacentral through fetus

A

rubella cytomegalovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

this virus can do vertical transmission through birth canal

A

HSV2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

viral vertical transmission through saliva or milk

A

HepB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

maintained in large and dense populations

A

acute self limiting infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

related to virion release from the patients and quality

A

transmissability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

transovarial transmission allows ___ to persist in insect hosts

A

arbo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

___ cycle of arovirusess is through an alternating cycle between the invertebrate and vertebrate hosts

A

enzoonotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Name the 6 genera of picornavirus

A

enterovirus, rhinovirus, aphtovirus, cardiovirus, hepatovirus, parcheovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Name the 4 species of enterovirus

A

human polio, coxsackie, echovirus, enerovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Name the 2 species of rhinovirus

A

human rhino, bovine rhino

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

name the species associated with apthovirus

A

foot and mouth disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

name the species associated with cardiovus

A

encephalomyocarditis, mengo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

name the species associated with hepatovirus in the picornavirus family

A

HepA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the two species associated with prechovirus?

A

human parechovirus and ljungan virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

size of picornavirus

A

30nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

morphology of picornavirus

A

naked icosahedral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

genetic material of rhinovirus

A

ss+RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

is the naked RNA of rhinovirus infectious?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

where does rhinovirus replicate?

A

cytoplasm

42
Q

what does the VP1 of poliovirus code for?

A

pentamers

43
Q

what does the VP2 and VP3 of poliovirus code for?

A

hexamers

44
Q

what does the VP4 of poliovirus code for?

A

maturation protein, associated with attachment

45
Q

What are the following viruses associated with? Campylobacter i jejune, cytomegalovirus, EBV, mycoplasma pneumonia, rabid vaccine, swine flue vaccine

A

gullian barre syndrome

46
Q

causes an immune attack on peripheral nerves when axons are transfected during inflammatory demyelination

A

molecular mimicry

47
Q

how does enterovirus infect a new host?

A

ingested

48
Q

where is the alimentary phase of enterovirus

A

oropharengeal mucosa

49
Q

where is the lymphatic phase of enterovius

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

50
Q

where is the viremic phase of enterovis

A

blood

51
Q

where is the neurological phase of enterovirus

A

CNA

52
Q

this vaccine contained a virus that had not been killed

A

salk polio vaccine

53
Q

how is the polio virus inactivated for the vaccine

A

by formaldehyfe

54
Q

how many immunizations are recommended for the polio series?

A

3

55
Q

individuals who survived ___ show muscular weakness and paralysis many years after the initial infection and recover

A

polio

56
Q

what is the cause of pain, weakness, fatigue for paralytic polio survivors

A

degeneration of motor neurons

57
Q

what are two experimental drug treatments for post polio syndrome

A

pyridostigime & seligiline

58
Q

which drugs raise the threshold fatigue for PPS?

A

amatadien, deprenylm mestinon

59
Q

how is the virus structure determines

A

x-ray crystallography

60
Q

which form of meningitis is more common?

A

viral

61
Q

what does the cerebral spinal fluid look like for viral meningitis?

A

clear

62
Q

90% of viral meningitis are caused by ___

A

enterovirus family

63
Q

how is viral meningitis spread?

A

coughing, sneezing, poor hygeine

64
Q

how long is incubation period of viral meningitis

A

3 weeks

65
Q

what are some long term defects caused by viral meningitis

A

seiaures, abnormalities, and retardation

66
Q

which virus is stable at a ph3 and can survive passage through the stomach and is spread by the fecal oral route?

A

enterovirus

67
Q

where do enteroviruses multiply in the cell

A

in the cytoplasm

68
Q

how to enteroviruses multiply

A

produce a large precursor protein that undergoes translation al cleavage

69
Q

what does coxsackie A produce

A

vesicles, blisters, ulcers, lesions on buttocks, fever, sore throat,

70
Q

an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle that can be caused by viruses, the most common being cocky B viruses and in children with adenoviruses as well

A

viral myocarditis

71
Q

cause 50% of all upper respiratory tract infections

A

rhinoviruses

72
Q

inactivaed at low pH, grow best at 33C

A

rhinoviruses

73
Q

infection of rhinoviruses leads to producetion of ___ and __

A

IgA and IgG

74
Q

why is there no long term protective immunity from rhinoviruses?

A

may serotypes

75
Q

reservoirs of rhinovirus

A

children

76
Q

when is someone with rhinovirus most infective?

A

early symptoms of sneezing, runny nose, cough

77
Q

Which Hepatitis in “infectious”?

A

A

78
Q

Which hepatitis is “serum”

A

B and D

79
Q

Which non-A/b hep is entirely transmitted

A

E

80
Q

Which non a and non b hepatitis is perentaerally transmitted

A

C and G

81
Q

What is the source of HepA

A

feces

82
Q

how is HepA transmitted

A

fecal oral

83
Q

is HepA chronic?

A

no

84
Q

how do you prevent HepA

A

pre/post exposure immunization

85
Q

What family is HepA in

A

picornaviridae

86
Q

What is the morphology of HepA

A

nonenveloped icosahedral

87
Q

what is the gene of HepA like?

A

+ssRNA with VPG protein at 5’ end

88
Q

when was the HepA vaccine available?

A

1995

89
Q

What is the average incubation period for HepA

A

30 days

90
Q

What population infected with HepA is more likely to experience jaundice

A

those over 14 yp

91
Q

What are some complications from HepA

A

fulminant hepatitis, chloestatis hepatitis, relapsing hepatitis

92
Q

is there a chronic sequelae for HepA?

A

none

93
Q

What are the symptoms of HepA

A

fever, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, fatigeu, abdominal pain, appetite loss, jaundice, dark urine

94
Q

how is HepA transmitted

A

close contact - household, sex, daycare, contaminated food or water - shellfish, food handlers, or rare blood exposure

95
Q

Who is at greatist risk for HepA

A

travelers to endemic regions, MSM, IVD users, ppl with clotting factor disorders, people working with susceptible primates

96
Q

HepA vaccine efficacy of HAVRIX

A

94%

97
Q

HepA vaccine efficacy of VAQTA

A

100%

98
Q

What are three benefits of routine HepA fax for children?

A

established delivery system, vaccination before risk period, potential to interrupt transmission

99
Q

What are some unresolved issues for routine childhood HepA fax?

A

immunogenicity, development of combo vac, duration of protection, cost-effectiveness

100
Q

Who does the ACIP recommend get vaxxed for HepA?

A

Preexposure vax for those at increased risk, communities with high rates of HepA

Virology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions