EXAM REVIEW: Unit 8: 20th-Century Global Conflicts Flashcards
What was the approximate time period of WW1? (20th)
1914 to 1918
What event “kick-started” the first world war? (20th)
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
What countries were part of the Allies and what countries were part of the Central powers in WW1? (20th)
Allies: Britain, France, Russia
Central: Germany, Austria Hungary, Turkey
Triple Alliance (20th)
Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary (WW1)
Triple Entente (20th)
Britain, France, Russia (WW1)
Explain the chain of events which started WW1 (20th)
Austria attacked Serbia, which angered Russia, because Russia was a “protector” of Serbia. When Russia threatened Austria for this, Germany entered (ally with Austria)
Explain Germany’s two front war during WW1 (20th)
To the east, Germany bordered Russia, to the east, France and Britain
Battle of the Marne (20th)
First major battle on the western front (Germany, WW1)
Schlieffen plan (20th)
Germany’s invasion plan to go through Belgium to capture Paris during WW1
Which front was trench warfare primarily used during WW1? (20th)
Western front
Battle of Verdun (20th)
Battle between Germany and France on the western front of WW1, Germans forced to retreat
Sykes-Picot agreement (20th)
secret treaty between England and France to define their mutually agreed spheres of influence and control in an eventual partition of the Ottoman Empire (WW1)
Balfour declaration (20th)
public statement issued by the British Government in 1917 during the First World War announcing its support for the establishment of a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine
What was the role of the US during WW1? (20th)
In the early war, US provided weapons for the allies
Zimmerman telegram: Germans threaten to help Mexico take back Texas from America, US joins the war
Women during WW1 (20th)
Only fought in Russia
Used to portray innocence in propaganda
worked in factories
Why did Russia pull out of WW1? (20th)
Russia was undergoing revolutions at home, Lenin believed they needed to focus on maintaining communist rule and leading the Bolsheviks
What led to the defeat of Germany in WW1? (20th)
Germany was fighting a two front war, pressed on all sides by the Allies, America entered the war with fresh troops
Leader of Germany during WW1 (20th)
Kaiser Wilhelm II
What year did WW1 end?
1918
Paris Peace Conference (20th)
After WW1, meeting of the big four to discuss plans for post WW1 and what to do to Germany
Wilson’s Fourteen Points: doesn’t want to punish Germany, free trade, League of Nations
Clemenceau wants to punish Germany
Wilson’s Fourteen Points (20th)
After WW1, Woodrow Wilson (US) states his ideas for post-war Europe
-no punishment for Germany
-free trade
-no secret treaties
Treaty of Versailles (20th)
Treaty that ended WW1, between the Allies and Germany
-Germany loses territory
-Germany forced to pay reparations
-League of Nations
-War Guilt Clause: the war was Germany’s fault
War Guilt Clause (20th)
Stated WW1 was at the fault of Germany, Germany is forced to pay reparations
Time period of Russian Revolution (20th)
1917-1923
Russian leader who was executed with his family by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution (20th)
Czar Nicholas II (wife Alexandra)
Lenin’s policy for helping the people of Russia (20th)
“Peace, Land, and Bread”
Leon Trotsky (20th)
Chairman alongside Lenin during the Russian Revolution, leads the October Revolution
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (20th)
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, by which Russia withdrew from World War I.
Who were the “Reds” in the Russian Civil War? (20th)
The Reds were made up of Bolsheviks and was led by Trotsky and Lenin, who fought the “Whites”
Who were the “Whites” in the Russian Civil War? (20th)
The Whites were made up of the people who opposed Bolshevik rule by Lenin and Trotsky
What was the approximate time period of the age of anxiety? (20th)
In between WW1 and WW2, approx 1915-1950s
Fredrick Nietzsche (20th)
Age of Anxiety thinker, rejected Christianity, believed humans should not withhold themselves from their desires
existentialism (20th)
Age of Anxiety: analysis of existence, meaning of life is through free will
Freudian Psychology during the Age of Anxiety (20th)
Sigmund Freud: human behavior is irrational
The primitive mind is driven by pleasure seeking desires, the ego is what a person CAN DO, the superego is what you SHOULD DO
dadaism (20th)
art with no representative meaning (age of anxiety)
Wiemar Republic (20th)
Attempted democratic government of Germany after WW1 under the Social Democratic Party
Germany’s lack of experience in democratic traditions makes Wiemar’s hold on power tenuous
Would eventually end in 1933 with the rise of the nazis
The Great Depression (20th)
the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s.
When did the Great Depression take place? (20th)
1929-1941
Beer Hall Putsch (20th)
Hitler and 600 SA entered a beer hall in Munich where the Bavarian government were meeting. At gunpoint, Hitler forced the government leaders to support him. Rohm took over local police and army headquarters.
Dawes Plan (20th)
The Dawes Plan temporarily resolved the issue of the reparations that Germany owed to the Allies of World War I
Kellogg-Briand Pact (20th)
Made war illegal as a way to resolve problems
Cereal made war illegal????
When did Ireland gain independence from Britain?
1921
New Economic Policy (20th)
a policy implemented by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 to stabilize the Soviet economy after the Russian Civil War. It allowed for some private ownership and capitalism within the largely socialist economy.
Difference between Stalin and Trotsky (20th)
Stalin: socialism in one country
Trotsky: wanted to have permanent revolution among many countries
5 Year Plan (20th)
Stalin’s economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI. tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine
When was Stalin in power? (20th)
1923-1953
Fascist dictator who rose to power in Italy after WW1 (20th)
Mussolini
Black Shirts (20th)
Armed forces under Mussolini after WW1, helped in his “march to Rome”
Lateran Treaty (20th)
Deal between Mussolini and the Pope, gives the Vatican autonomy (its own country) and the pope approves of Mussolini’s rule
Lebensraum (20th)
territory believed especially by Nazis to be necessary for national existence or economic self-sufficiency
Enabling Act and when was it (20th)
1933, gave Hitler dictatorship for 4 years (basically forever to him) and banned political parties
Appeasement WWII (20th)
Britain’s policy in the 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked. Most closely associated with British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, it is now widely discredited as a policy of weakness.
Munich Conference (20th)
1938: settlement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia.
Non-agression pact (20th)
Germany and Soviet Union agreed that they would not attack each other and secretly divided the countries that lay between them. Germany claimed Western Poland and part of Lithuania.
WW2
Maginot line (20th)
The Maginot Line is a series of fortifications built along the French border with Germany. The line was built between 1929 and 1938 as a defensive perimeter against a possible German invasion
Blitzkrieg (20th)
“Blitzkrieg,” a German word meaning “Lightning War,” was Germany’s strategy to avoid a long war in the first phase of World War II in Europe. Germany’s strategy was to defeat its opponents in a series of short campaigns.
How did Germany treat western Europe vs eastern Europe in WW2? (20th)
They treat the west with respect, but slaughter eastern europe
Battle of Britain (20th)
In the event, the battle was won by the Royal Air Force (RAF) Fighter Command, whose victory not only blocked the possibility of invasion but also created the conditions for Great Britain’s survival, for the extension of the war, and for the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany.
Operation Barbarossa (20th)
Hitler invades Russia during ww2, breaking the non-agression pact
Hitler’s worst mistake, Russians use scorched earth policy, Germany forced to retreat
Grand alliance during ww2, and unconditional surrender (20th)
US, Soviet Union, Great Britain, France
Agree to no surrender until Germany was defeated
Tehran Conference (20th)
Meeting between Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt to discuss post-war divisions of Germany (ww2)
Battle of the Bulge (20th)
1945: Hitler’s last offensive
Goal was to break American line and push into Antwerp
American lines held
When was the end of WWII? (20th)
1945
