EXAM REVIEW: Unit 3: Absolutism and Constitutionalism Flashcards
Who wrote “the Leviathan” and what was it about? (Abs)
Thomas Hobbes, calls for a strong undivided government
What is the approximate time period of the age of absolutism? (Abs)
Roughly 1650-1789
What was the Fronde? (Abs)
Mob tries to kill 4 year old Louis XIV, he escapes
What did Louis XIV do? (Abs)
Removed the nobility, is called the Sun King, early example of absolutism
What was the Edict of Nantes, and who created it? (Abs/ Ref)
Granted religious toleration to Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants), by Henry IV
How did Cardinal Richelieu impact absolutism and what did he do? (Abs)
He was chief minister for Louis XIII, pushed to make France a dominant in Europe. Eliminated political and military power of Huguenots in France.
What was the Edict of Fountainbleu? (Abs)
Revoked the Edict of Nantes, Huguenots lost their rights to practice Calvinism, about 2000 Huguenots fled France
“The edict of fontainbleu reversed all the rights the Huguenots knew”
What was unique about the Palace of Versailles (Abs)
Nobility were forced to live in the Palace, built by Louis XIII
What was the purpose of the War of Devolution? (One of the wars of Louis XIII) (Abs)
France wanted Spanish Netherlands, they invade
What happened in the Dutch War? (War of Louis XIV)(Abs)
Louis breaks up the Tripe Alliance by signing a treaty with the king of England, Louis invaded Holland in 1672
What happened in the War of the League of Augsburg? (War of Louis XIV) (Abs)
Louis tries to push France’s frontier to the northeast into territory along the Rhine, but William of Orange (Britain) forms a new alliance against France
What happened in the War of Spanish Succession? (War of Louis XIV) (Abs)
King Charles II of Spain dies, Leopold, the Holy Roman Emperor, challenged the succession for his son, Charles.
European powers couldn’t let a Bourbon gain both Spain and France.
Peace of Utrecht ends the fighting
England, Holland, and HRE are against France
Elector of Brandenburg recognized as king of Prussia
What was the main reason for the English civil war? (Abs)
Charles I, leader of Britain, believes in divine right and wants to act as an absolutist monarch, while the Parliament wants more say in laws (Charles I dismisses the Parliament)
Who were the royalists/cavaliers during the English civil war? (Abs)
Those who had an allegiance to Charles I and the monarchy
Who were the Roundheads during the English civil war? (Abs)
Supporters of the Parliament
Leader of the Roundheads and supporter of the Parliament during the English civil war? (Abs)
Oliver Cromwell
What was the result of the English civil war? (Abs)
Oliver Cromwell and the Roundheads vote to charge Charles I for treason and go on trial, he is executed, results in the “Interregnum,” which was the 11 year period without a king in England
How does Oliver Cromwell rule England during the Interregnum period?(Abs)
Outlaws monarchy, England becomes a dictatorship under Cromwell, many things are abolished, such as Christmas, celebrations, and sports
Who takes over England after Oliver Cromwell and the Interregnum period? (Abs)
Charles II, called the “merry monarch” brings back Christmas
What does the Restoration refer to? (Abs)
The period after the 11 years in England without a monarchy, when it was ruled by Oliver Cromwell. Charles II will take over
What did the Habeas Corpus Act do during the Restoration? (Abs)
Gave someone accused of a crime the right to appear in court
Who was crowned ruler of England after Charles II? (Abs)
William of Orange and Mary
Why were restrictions put on the rule of William of Orange and Mary during the Restoration? (Abs)
The Parliament wanted to limit the rights of the monarch (post-english civil war)
What was the English Bill of Rights? (Abs)
Limited the power of the monarch, written at the beginning of the rule of William of Orange and Mary, gave the Parliament more power
What was the Tulip Mania? (Abs)
The time period when Tulip bulbs were bought and sold at high prices, became very popular, but then brought many people into debt when it stopped
