EXAM REVIEW: Unit 2: Age of Reformation Flashcards

Review for AP exam (AP euro)

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1
Q

Reformation explaination… (Ref)

A

Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther

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2
Q

What were the POLITICAL reasons for the Reformation? (Ref)

A

The debate about church involvement in state affairs

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3
Q

What were the ECONOMIC reasons for the Reformation? (Ref)

A

The church imposed taxes, called the Tithe as well as other laws

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4
Q

What were some things Martin Luther criticized about the Catholic church? (Ref)

A

The selling of indulgences, taxes by the church, and simony (selling of church offices)

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5
Q

Who posted the 95 Thesis on the door of the church in Wittenburg, Germany? (Ref)

A

Martin Luther

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6
Q

Where did the Protestant Reformation originate? (Ref)

A

Wittenburg, Germany

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7
Q

What did Johann Tetzel do in the Reformation? (Ref)

A

Promoted the sale of indulgences, coined, “as soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs”

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8
Q

Debate between Luther and Johann Eck over theological ideas (Ref)

A

Leipzig debate

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9
Q

What theology did Martin Luther believe in? (Ref)

A

Salvation by faith alone, Priesthood of all Believers, no Purgatory

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10
Q

What happened at the Diet of Worms? (Ref)

A

Charles V orders Luther to recant his beliefs, Luther is excommunicated

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11
Q

What was the time period in which the Reformation took place? (Ref)

A

1500s to 1600s (16th and 17th century)

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12
Q

What was the League of Schmalkalden? (Ref)

A

Lutheran princes allied against the Holy Roman Empire Catholics and Charles V

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13
Q

What were the Hapsburg-Valois wars? (Ref)

A

Series of wars between France (allied with Schmalkaldic League) and the Holy Roman Empire, ended with Peace of Augsburg, which divised Germany into Lutheran and Catholic areas

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14
Q

Who was John Knox and what did he do? (Ref)

A

Calvinist who led the Reformation in Scotland

“John Knox knocked and opened the door to the ref in scotland”

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15
Q

What made the Anabaptists different from other religions? (Ref)

A

They believed in adult baptism, rather than infant baptism

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16
Q

Believed in predestination, Bible was the ultimate authority (Ref)

A

John Calvin

17
Q

What did Zwingli and Luther disagree on? (Ref)

A

The nature of the sacrament (whether the blood of Jesus was physically in the sacrament)

18
Q

King of Britain, known for having six wives… (Ref)

A

Henry VIII

19
Q

What was the act of Supremacy and why did Henry VIII enact it? (Ref)

A

Made Henry head of church of England, due to dispute between him and the pope over divorce

20
Q

How did Mary I earn her nickname “Bloody Mary?” (Ref)

A

She persecuted Protestants in an effort to convert the church of England back to Catholicism

21
Q

Explain the Spanish Armada (Ref)

A

Spanish ships sent to the English channel, Elizabeth I discovers, and defeats the Spanish

22
Q

Enemy of Elizabeth I, ruler of Spain, Catholic (Ref)

A

Phillip II

23
Q

Also known as the “War of the Three Henrys” (Ref)

A

French Civil war

24
Q

Explain St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (Ref)

A

Catherine de Medeci enacts the massacre of thousands of Huguenots in France

25
Q

What did the Edict of Nantes do? (Ref)

A

Granted religious rights to the Huguenots in France

26
Q

What was Baroque art? (Ref)

A

Advertisements meant to recruit commoners to the church

27
Q

What was the Council of Trent? (Ref)

A

Meeting of the Catholic church to discuss religious dogma and teachings opposed by Protestants

28
Q

What did the Peace of Westphalia do? (Ref)

A

Resolved the 30 Years War

29
Q

What was the Thirty Years War and where did it take place? (Ref)

A

War between the Catholics and Protestants in Germany, had four phases (Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French)

30
Q

What did Christopher Columbus do? (Ref)

A

Landed in Haiti, treated natives harshly, buy 1555 the natives will be gone.

31
Q

Portuguese ship design during the Age of Exploration (Ref/AOE)

A

Caravel

32
Q

What did Sir Henry the Navigator do?(Ref/AOE)

A

Wanted to find the source of African gold, looked for Prestor John, a man who supposedly built a Christian kingdom

33
Q

First man to round the tip of Southern Africa(Ref/AOE)

A

Bartholomew Dias

34
Q

First man to sail to India around Africa (Ref/AOE)

A

Vasco de Gama

35
Q

First man to circumnavigate the earth(Ref/ AOE)

A

Ferdinand Magellan

magellan-melon-round-rounds the earth

36
Q

What is Hernan Cortes known for? (Ref/AOE)

A

Spanish conquest of the Aztecs/ kidnapping Moctezuma II

37
Q

What was the encomienda system? (Ref/AOE)

A

forced labor of slaves, used by Spanish

38
Q

Where were the majority of slaves shipped to in the African Slave trade? (Ref/ AOE)

A

Brazil

39
Q

What was the “Price Revolution?”

A

Increased cost of goods due to influx of gold in spain