EXAM REVIEW: Unit 2: Age of Reformation Flashcards
Review for AP exam (AP euro)
Reformation explaination… (Ref)
Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther
What were the POLITICAL reasons for the Reformation? (Ref)
The debate about church involvement in state affairs
What were the ECONOMIC reasons for the Reformation? (Ref)
The church imposed taxes, called the Tithe as well as other laws
What were some things Martin Luther criticized about the Catholic church? (Ref)
The selling of indulgences, taxes by the church, and simony (selling of church offices)
Who posted the 95 Thesis on the door of the church in Wittenburg, Germany? (Ref)
Martin Luther
Where did the Protestant Reformation originate? (Ref)
Wittenburg, Germany
What did Johann Tetzel do in the Reformation? (Ref)
Promoted the sale of indulgences, coined, “as soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs”
Debate between Luther and Johann Eck over theological ideas (Ref)
Leipzig debate
What theology did Martin Luther believe in? (Ref)
Salvation by faith alone, Priesthood of all Believers, no Purgatory
What happened at the Diet of Worms? (Ref)
Charles V orders Luther to recant his beliefs, Luther is excommunicated
What was the time period in which the Reformation took place? (Ref)
1500s to 1600s (16th and 17th century)
What was the League of Schmalkalden? (Ref)
Lutheran princes allied against the Holy Roman Empire Catholics and Charles V
What were the Hapsburg-Valois wars? (Ref)
Series of wars between France (allied with Schmalkaldic League) and the Holy Roman Empire, ended with Peace of Augsburg, which divised Germany into Lutheran and Catholic areas
Who was John Knox and what did he do? (Ref)
Calvinist who led the Reformation in Scotland
“John Knox knocked and opened the door to the ref in scotland”
What made the Anabaptists different from other religions? (Ref)
They believed in adult baptism, rather than infant baptism
Believed in predestination, Bible was the ultimate authority (Ref)
John Calvin
What did Zwingli and Luther disagree on? (Ref)
The nature of the sacrament (whether the blood of Jesus was physically in the sacrament)
King of Britain, known for having six wives… (Ref)
Henry VIII
What was the act of Supremacy and why did Henry VIII enact it? (Ref)
Made Henry head of church of England, due to dispute between him and the pope over divorce
How did Mary I earn her nickname “Bloody Mary?” (Ref)
She persecuted Protestants in an effort to convert the church of England back to Catholicism
Explain the Spanish Armada (Ref)
Spanish ships sent to the English channel, Elizabeth I discovers, and defeats the Spanish
Enemy of Elizabeth I, ruler of Spain, Catholic (Ref)
Phillip II
Also known as the “War of the Three Henrys” (Ref)
French Civil war
Explain St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (Ref)
Catherine de Medeci enacts the massacre of thousands of Huguenots in France
What did the Edict of Nantes do? (Ref)
Granted religious rights to the Huguenots in France
What was Baroque art? (Ref)
Advertisements meant to recruit commoners to the church
What was the Council of Trent? (Ref)
Meeting of the Catholic church to discuss religious dogma and teachings opposed by Protestants
What did the Peace of Westphalia do? (Ref)
Resolved the 30 Years War
What was the Thirty Years War and where did it take place? (Ref)
War between the Catholics and Protestants in Germany, had four phases (Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French)
What did Christopher Columbus do? (Ref)
Landed in Haiti, treated natives harshly, buy 1555 the natives will be gone.
Portuguese ship design during the Age of Exploration (Ref/AOE)
Caravel
What did Sir Henry the Navigator do?(Ref/AOE)
Wanted to find the source of African gold, looked for Prestor John, a man who supposedly built a Christian kingdom
First man to round the tip of Southern Africa(Ref/AOE)
Bartholomew Dias
First man to sail to India around Africa (Ref/AOE)
Vasco de Gama
First man to circumnavigate the earth(Ref/ AOE)
Ferdinand Magellan
magellan-melon-round-rounds the earth
What is Hernan Cortes known for? (Ref/AOE)
Spanish conquest of the Aztecs/ kidnapping Moctezuma II
What was the encomienda system? (Ref/AOE)
forced labor of slaves, used by Spanish
Where were the majority of slaves shipped to in the African Slave trade? (Ref/ AOE)
Brazil
What was the “Price Revolution?”
Increased cost of goods due to influx of gold in spain
