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Clinical Imaging > Exam Prep - Peter > Flashcards

Exam Prep - Peter Flashcards

1
Q

What is quality

A

Range of photon energies carried by the beam “penetrating power”

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2
Q

What is intensity

A

Equal to the number of photons in the beam

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3
Q

Factors affecting the quantity & intensity

A

Size of the tube current
Distance between the detector & target
Exposure time
Target material

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4
Q

What does the size of the tube current do to quality & intensity

A

Intensity = increased

Quality = no change

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5
Q

What does the distance between the detector and target do to quality & intensity

A

Intensity = decreased
Quality = no change

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6
Q

What does the exposure time do to quality and intensity

A

Intensity = increased
Quality = no change

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7
Q

What does the target material do to quality & intensity

A

Intensity = increased/decreased
Quality = no change

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8
Q

What is the duty of a referrer

A

Health care professional entitled to request/refer for medical exposure (must have clear medical evidence to justify the reason for exposure)

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9
Q

What is the duty of the operator

A

Responsible for the practical aspect (performs & optimises medical exposure)

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10
Q

What is the duty of the practitioner

A

Responsible for the justification of exposure

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11
Q

What are the factors should be considered when justifying a radiographic exposure

A

Objectives
Characteristics of the individual
Total potential diagnostic
Benefits / risks
Efficiency, benefits & risks of alternative methods

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12
Q

Describe continuous radiation

A

Continuous X-ray spectra
Produced by breaking radiation

Electron is attracted towards a nucleus & deviated, giving off an IR photon

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13
Q

Describe characteristic radiation

A

Line spectra

Electron is accelerated towards a target metal, hits an electron in the atoms shell and causes it to be ejected
Electron from a higher energy level gives off a photon & drops down an energy level top fill the space in the shell

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14
Q

What is Compton scatter

A

X-ray photon interacts with an outer shell electron causing the photon to change direction

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15
Q

What is photoelectric absorption

A

X-ray photon gives up all energy to eject an electron from its shell

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16
Q

What is thermionic emission

A

Putting enough energy into the filament to liberate the electron

17
Q

What does Kv represent

A

Tube charge

18
Q

What does Mas represent

A

Tube current

19
Q

How many base units are there

A

7 base units

20
Q

What are derived units

A

Always contain on of the following base units: m, kg, s

21
Q

What are vector quantities

A

Quantity with direction & magnitude

22
Q

What are scalar quantities

A

Quantities with magnitude only

23
Q

What does a Kilo (k) represent

A

1000

(Multiple)

24
Q

What does a Milli (m) represent

A

0.001

(Submultiple)

25
Q

What does a micro represent

A

0.000001

26
Q

What is the atomic mass

A

Number of protons & neutrons (top number)

27
Q

What is the atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus (bottom number)

28
Q

What are the electric charges for P, N & E

A

Proton = +1
Neutron = 0
Electron = -1

29
Q

What are the sources of EIR

A

X-rays (electromagnetic spectrum)

30
Q

What are the types of IR

A

X-rays
Alpha particles
Beta particles
Gamma rays

31
Q

How are X-ray photons produced at the atomic level

A

X-ray photons a produced by accelerating electrons towards an anode target

32
Q

What is half value thickness

A

The thickness of a substance which will transmit one 1/2 of the intensity of the radiation incident upon it

33
Q

Define absorbed dose

A

The energy deposited per unit mass

34
Q

Define equivalent dose

A

A measure of the radiation dose to tissue

35
Q

Define effective dose

A

Compare the stochastic risk of non-uniform exposure to radiation

36
Q

What are grids and their uses

A

Grids are made up of strips of lead & low-attenuation material

Reduce scatter - scattered photons hit the grid & are absorbed by lead strips

37
Q

What is deterministic risk

A

Have a threshold dose below which the effect will not occur

38
Q

What is stochastic risk

A

It is a chance as to wether or not the person will develop cancer

Clinical Imaging (14 decks)

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