Atomic Structure

Question 1

Proton - charge, mass & location

Answer 1

Charge = +1
Mass = 1
Location = nucleus

Question 2

Neutron - charged, mass & location

Answer 2

Charge = 0
Mass = 1
Location = nucleus

Question 3

Electron - charge, mass & location

Answer 3

Charge = -1
Mass = 1/1820
Location = orbitals

Question 4

Name & describe the fundamental forces

Answer 4

Electromagnetic - attracts opposite electrical charges & repulses same electrical charges

Strong nuclear force - binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus

Weak nuclear force - radioactive beta decay (changing protons to neutrons)

Gravitational - brings objects together

Question 5

Nuclide notation

Answer 5

Chemical element symbol = letter
Atomic mass (protons & neutrons) = top number
Atomic number (protons) = bottom number

Question 6

Covalent bonds

Answer 6

Sharing of electrons
Non-metal & non-metal

Question 7

Ionic bonds

Answer 7

Transfer of electrons
Metal & non-metal

Question 8

Isotopes

Answer 8

Same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 9

Electron shells

Answer 9

K,L,M,N shells

Shell filling rule = 2n2 (n = shell number)

Question 10

Electron configuration rules

Answer 10

Aufbau = lowest to highest energy states

Paulii Exclusion = no two electrons have the same set of quantum numbers

Hund’s rule = single occupancy of orbital by electron before pairing

Octet rule = atoms prefer to have 8 electrons in outer shell