EXAM III The Shoulder Flashcards
What are the muscles of the shoulder? (6)
Deltoid
Teres major & minor
Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
Subscapularis
Name the 6 joints of the upper limb
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral (shoulder)
Elbow
Proximal & Distal Radioulnar
Sternoclavicular
Axioappendicular and Scaulohumeral are muscle groups that are considered as….?
Shoulder muscles
Define bursa and explain their importance
Thin, lubricated cushions (fluid-filled cavities) located at points of friction between a bone and the surrounding soft tissue
i.e. skin, muscles, ligaments, tendons
Facilitate movement and reduce friction b/w moving parts
Sometimes they develop as a result of frequence friction later in life
What causes impringement syndrome? What is compromised?
Shoulder Impingement
Tendonitis - supraspinatus tendon
Bursitis - subacromial
Shoulder abduction and adduction is compromised
What two muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?
Teres minor
Deltoid
(axillary via posterior cord of brachial plexus)
What two muscles does the lower subscapular nerve innervate?
Teres major
Subscapularis (innervated by both upper and lower subscapular nerve)
What two muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Dorsal side
What nerve innervates the subscapularis muscle?
Upper and Lower subscapular N. from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
What are the actions of the deltoid muscle?
Medially and laterally rotate humerus
Abduct, extend, and flex humerus
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
SITS muscles - all have insertions along tubercle of humerus
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Subscapularis
What are the actions of the teres major muscle?
Adducts and Medially rotates humerus
inserts on bicipital groove (diff. from teres minor)
What are the actions of the supraspinatus muscle? What nerve is it innervated by?
Abducts humerus at glenohumeral joint assisting the deltoid
Helps with stabilizing shoulder joint
Suprascapular Nerve from the anterior/lateral cord
What are the actions of the subscapularis muscle? What nerve innervates it?
Adduction and medial rotation of humerus
Lower and Upper Subscapular N. from the posterior cord of brachial plexus
Which muscle of the rotator cuff muscles is the largest and strongest? If injured, what tendon is affected?
Subscapularis
Biceps tendon = biceps tendonitis
What are the actions of the infraspinatus and what nerve innervates it?
Lateral rotation of humerus
Stabilizes humerus
Suprascapular N. from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
What are the actions of the teres minor and what nerve innervates it?
Laterally rotates humerus
Stabilizes humeral head
Axillary N. via posterior cord of the brachial plexus
How does a rotator cuff injury arise?
> 90 degree angle of humerus that creates a compression point for the tendon of supraspinatous
What are the 2 arteries that have tributaries that provide blood to the pectoral, shoulder, and axillary regions?
Axillary artery
Subclavian artery
What muscles of the shoulder are involved in medial rotation of the humerus? (3)
Deltoid
Subscapularis
Teres major (bicipital groove insertion)
Which muscles of the shoulder laterally rotate the humerus? (4)
Deltoid
Teres minor
Infraspinatous
Subscapularis
Which muscles of the shoulder region stabilize the humeral head? (3)
Infraspinatous
Subscapularis
Teres minor
Which muscles abduct the humerus? (2)
Deltoid
Supraspinatous
Which muscles adduct the humerus? (2)
Subscapularis
Teres major (medial rotation, adduct humerus)
What are the 5 anastomosing arterial branches that arise from the subclavian and axillary artery that supply the scapula?
CDPTS - Cat Daddy Plays Tremendous Songs
Circumflex A. - via subscapular via axillary
Dorsal Scapular A. - via deep branch of transverse cervical via subclavian
Posterior Intercostal A. - via thoracic aorta
Thoracodorsal A. - via subscapular via axillary
Suprascapular A. - via subclavian
What nerve and artery passes through the quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve
Circumflex humeral artery
What artery passes through the triangular space?
Circumflex Scapular Artery
What artery and nerve passes through the triangular interval?
Deep brachial artery
Radial nerve
