Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KCUMB Anatomy - Erin > EXAM III 2015 > Flashcards

EXAM III 2015 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Extrinsic muscle, which CN innervates?

A

Hypaxial, Superficial back muscles; move shoulder and upper extremity

CN XI (Accessory) or branches of brachial plexus (ventral rami of spinal nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Intrinsic muscles, purpose, what CN innervates?

A

Epaxial Deep back muscles

Support upright position and allow movements of the vertebral column

Proprioception

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Actions of the trapezius?

A

Elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula

Rotates glenoid fossa superiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the motor and sensory innervations of the trapezius?

A

Motor: Accessory Nerve

Sensory: Ventral rami of C3 & C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Actions of the Latissimus dorsi and Innervation

A

Extends, adducts, & medially rotates humerus, raises torso towards arms during climbing

Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Action and Innervation of Rhomboid major and minor

A

Actions

Both retract, elevate, and rotate scapula downward and fix scapula to thoracic wall

Innervation

Both innervated by dorsal scapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Actions and Innervation of Levator Scapulae

A

Elevates scapula and tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly by rotating scapula (downward rotation)

Innervates: dorsal scapular nerve and ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Actions and Innervation of Serratus posterior superior

A

Elevates Ribs

Innervation: T2-T5 intercostal nerves (ventral rami)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Actions and Innervations of Serratus posterior inferior

A

Depresses ribs

Innervation: Intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve (ventral rami)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the major groups of epaxial back muscles?

A

Splenius (most superficial)

Splenius capitis, splenius cervicis

Erector Spinae Group

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

Transversospinalis Group

Rotatores, Multifidus, Semispinalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Actions and Innervation of splenius cervicis and capitis

A

Bilaterally - extend head and neck

Unilaterally - laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of contracting muscle (epsilateral rotation)

Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial layer of the erector spinae group?

A

Iliocostalis

Longissimus

Spinalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the actions and innervations of the erector spinae group?

A

Bilaterally - extend vertebral column and head

Unilaterally - laterally flex vertebral column

Innervation - dorsal rami of spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 regional parts of the Spinalis? What is the origin of thoracis?

A

Thoracis: O - spinous processes & insert on spinous processes superior to them

Cervicis

Capitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the deep layer intrinsic muscles of the back? What do they innervate?

A

Transversospinalis group

Semispinalis

Rotatores

Multifidus

Innveration: dorsal rami of spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cervicis, Capitis, Thoracis and Action

A

Action: extend head, thoracic & cervical regions; rotates them contralaterally (opposite side of muscle)

Cervicis: cervical transverse processes to spinous processes of 2nd cervical v.

Capitis: (deep to splenus capitis) superficial to cervicis, t.p. of T1-6 to nuchal line

Thoracis: transverse to spinous processes in thoracic region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Origin, Insertion, and Action of Multifidus

A

O: transverse processes from sacrum to 2nd cervical vertebra

I: spinous processes

Action: stabilizes vertebrae during localized movements of vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rotatores brevis and longus and action

A

Action: extend head, thoracic & cervical regions; rotates them contralaterally

Brevis: t.p. of one vertebra to base of s.p. of next vertebra above (spans one intervertebral joint)

Longus: t.p. of one vertebra to s.p. of 2nd vertebra above (spans 2 intervertebral joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the intrinsic segmental muscles of the back and what do they innervate?

A

Interspinales - dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Intertransversari - dorsal & ventral rami of s.nerves

Levator Costarum - dorsal rami of C8-T11 s.nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the osteological structures of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Atlas (C1)

Axis (C2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the muscles of the suboccipital triangle? (4)

A

Rectus capitis posterior major

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Obliquus capitis superior (superior oblique capitis)

Obliquus capitis inferior (inferior oblique capitis)

Mainly postural muscles, aid in extension/rotation at atlantoaxial joint

**ALL innervated by suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami of C1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the nerves & vessels of the suboccipital region? (4)

A

Vertebral artery

Suboccipital nerve - dorsal ramus of C1, b/w skull & atlas = motor to all triangle muscles

Greater occipital nerve - dorsal ramus of C2, b/w atlas & axis, only sensory fibers

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane - continuous w/ ligamentum flava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

List the ribs and types of them

A

12 Total

1-7 True ribs

8-10 “false ribs”

11-12 “floating ribs”

Ribs 1 and 2, 11 and 12 are “atypical”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the general features of typical ribs?

A

Vertebral End

Head, Neck, Tubercle, Angle

Middle

body/shaft

Sternal End

Articulates directly w/ sternum, costal cartilages, or sits on fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the breast rest on?

A

Pectorial fascia

Superficial to the pectoralis major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is retromammary space?

A

Potential space between the breast and pectoral fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Cooper’s ligaments of the breast

A

Attaches the breast to the dermis of overlying skin via these ligaments = Suspensory ligaments

Mammary gland lobules converge at nipple surrounded by pigmented areola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the arteries that supply the breast?

A

Subclavian artery - branches off into internal thoracic and medial mammary branches

Axillary artery - branches off into lateral thoracic and lateral mammary branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the venous drainage of breast tissue?

A

Mainly medial and lateral mammary branches to lateral thoracic to axillary vein

Some via internal thoracic vein via anterior intercostal veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Explain Lymphatic drainage of breast tissue; what are the levels?

A

Level I (most lateral)

Nipple, areola, lactiferous lobules = Subareolar L.N.

Level II (medial)

>75% lymph via breast; Allixary L.N. (pectoral, central, apical)

Level III (internal)

Remaining lymph = parasternal & abdominal l.n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Explain innervation of breast tissue

A

Mainly from anterior and lateral branches of 4th-6th intercostal nerves

Also some via supraclavicular nerve branches & branches from intercostal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Define Polymastia & Polythelia

A

Supernumerary breasts or nipples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the superficial fascia of the pectoral region? (3)

A

Platysma

Supraclavicular nerves

Anterior & lateral branches of intercostal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the fascias of the pectoral region? (2)

A

Superficial fascia

Clavipectoral fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does the deltopectoral/clavipectoral triangle of the pectoral region consist of? What makes up the borders? vein? lymph nodes? arteries?

A

Bordered by: deltoid. pectoralis major, middle 1/3 of clavicle

Deltopectoral lymph nodes

Cephalic vein

Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery via axillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What’s involved with the clavipectoral fascia? What does it attach to and what vessels are involved?

A

Subclavius & pectoralis minor

Attaches to clavical and anterior thoracic wall

Pierced by the cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery, & lateral pectoral nerves

Becomes susepensory ligament of axilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What rami innervate the pectoral muscles?

A

Ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What muscles are composed of the pectoral region? (4)

A

Pectoralis major and minor

Serratus anterior

Subclavius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the actions of the pectoralis major and blood supply and innervations?

A

Adduction & medial rotation of humerus

Draws scapular anteriorly & inferiorly via clavicle

Clavicular part flexes humerus in addition to extending humerus from sternal part

Blood supply: pectoral branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

Innervation: Lateral & medial pectoral nerve (medial & lateral cord of the brachial plexus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the actions, blood supply, and innervations of pectoralis minor?

A

Actions: Stabilizes scapula; pulls it anteriorly and inferiorly against posterior thoracic wall

Blood Supply: pectoral branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve (C8,T1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the actions, blood supply, and innervations of the subclavius muscle?

A

Actions: Anchors & depresses clavicle

Blood Supply: clavicular branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk

Innervation: “nervce to subclavius” (C5, C6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the actions, blood supply, and innervation of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

Actions: Protracts and rotates scapula and holds scapular against thorax

Blood supply: Lateral thoracic artery

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve (C5,C6,C7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the subclavian artery that are in relation to the anterior scalene muscle?

A

Part 1 = medial to anterior scalene muscle

Part 2 = posterior to anterior scalene muscle

Part 3 = lateral to anterior scalene muscle

Subclavian artery arises posterior to sternoclavicular joint

44
Q

What 2 large named arteries have tributaries that provide blood to the pectoral shoulder and axillary regions?

A

Subclavian artery - runs underneath clavicle where it becomes axillary

Axillary artery - starts underneath clavicle & runs underneath pectoralis minor

45
Q

What are the branches of the medial portion of the subclavian artery? In respect to the anterior scalene muscle

A

1. Vertebral artery

2. Internal thoracic artery (internal mammary)

3. Thyrocervical arterial trunk

46
Q

What anterior arteries branch off the thryocervical arterial trunk? (4)

A

Suprascapular artery

Transverse cervical –> deep branch, superficial branch

Ascending cervical artery

Inferior thyroid artery

47
Q

What posterior branches arise from the subclavian artery? (2)

A

Supreme intercostal artery

Deep cervical artery

via the costocervical arterial trunk

48
Q

What could potentially arise on the lateral portion of the subclavian artery, what can potentially arise?

A

Potentially: dorsal scapular artery (can also arise from the transverse cervical artery)

Always Laterally: Axillary artery

49
Q

What’s involved in the apex of the axilla boundaries? (3)

A

Clavicle - anteriorly

Scapula - medially

1st rib - posteriorly

50
Q

What contributes to the base of the boundaries of the axilla? (4)

A

Skin & Superficial fascia

Anterior axillary fold; pectoralis major

Posterior axillary fold; latissimus dorsi, tere major

Chest wall; serratus anterior

51
Q

What are the components of the anterior wall of the bondaries of the axilla? (4)

A

Clavicle

Subclavius

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

52
Q

What are the components of the posterior wall of the boundaries of the axilla? (4)

A

Scapula

Subcapularis

Latissimus dorsi

Teres major

53
Q

What are the lateral components of the boundaries of the axilla? (3)

A

Bicipital groove (interrubercular sulcus)

Tendon of long head of biceps

Coracobrachialis tendon

All humerus

54
Q

Where do the nerves of the brachial plexus originate from?

A

Ventral rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves C5-T1

55
Q

What is a result of injury to the superior trunk (C5 & C6 spinal nerve roots), sensory and motor deficits?

A

“Erb’s” Palsy; via excessive, forceful increase in angle b/w neck and shoulder

Sensory deficits: Lateral aspect of upper limb

Motor deficits: Loss of arm abductionm, elbow flexion & forearm supination, weakness of wrist extension

“Waiter’s tip” position

56
Q

What is a result of injury to the inferior trunk (C8 & T1 spinal nerve roots), sensory and motor deficits?

A

“Klumpke’s” Palsy

Sensory: Medial aspect of upper limb (except axilla)

Motor: Loss of precision finger movements, weakness in forearm pronation, wrist & finger extension, and wrist & finger flexion

“claw-hand”, attempted extension but 4th & 5th digits stay flexed

57
Q

What is a result of injury to the radial nerve (C5-T1 spinal nerve roots)?

A

Mid-shaft fractures of humerus or axilla compression (crutches)

“wrist drop” “Saturday night palsy”

Extensors compartments affected

58
Q

What is a result of injury to the axillary nerve (C5 & C6 spinal nerve roots)?

A

Via fractures to surgical neck of humerus or glenohumeral joint dislocation; improper use of backpack (Quadrangular space syndrome); impaired or lost function of deltoid & teres minor

Paresthesia and/or pain w/ along course of nerve

Patient cannot fully abduct arm, possible inability to laterally rotate arm

59
Q

What is a result of injury to the long thoracic nerve (C5,C6,C7 spinal nerve roots), sensory and motor deficits?

A

Damaged nerve during surgical removal of lymph nodes or other tissues in axillary region; penetrating trauma to axillary region

serratus anterior affected

“winged scapula”; inability to raise arms past 90 degrees

60
Q

What is a result of injury to the ulnar nerve (C8, T1, often C7 spinal nerve roots), sensory and motor deficits?

A

Via fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus; fracture of proximal ulna; slashed wrist

Damage can involved wrist and digit flexors, intrinsic hand muscles

Radial deviation at wrist join, loss of ab- adduction of fingers, weak wrist flexion, some loss of digit flexion

61
Q

What is a result of injury to the median nerve (C6-T1 spinal nerve roots), sensory and motor deficits?

A

Via fracture of humerus above condyles; slashing of wrist, inflammation or irritation in carpal tunnel; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Flexors of wrist and digits affected, & intrinsic hand muscles (usually thumb; digit 1)

“Pope’s Blessing”; attempted flexion where 2nd & 3rd digits are left extended;“Ape Hand”

62
Q

Which muscle extend the head?

A

Longissimus

Splenius capitis & cervicis

Spinalis capitis & cervicis

Semispinalis

Rotatores

Muscles of the Suboccipital Triangle

63
Q

What muscles elevate the scapulae?

A

Trapezius

Rhomboids major & minor

Levator scapulae

64
Q

What muscles retract the scapulae?

A

Trapezius

Rhomboid major & minor

65
Q

What muscles rotate the scapulae?

A

Trapezius

Rhomboids major & minor

66
Q

What muscles medially rotate the body of the humerus/shaft?

A

Latissimus Dorsi

67
Q

What muscles retract the scapulae?

A

Rhomboid major & minor

68
Q

What muscles extend the neck?

A

Iliocostalis Cervicis

Splenius capitis & cervicis

Longissimus Cervicis

69
Q

What muscles extend the spine?

A

Iliocostalis Thoracis & Lumborum

Longissimus Thoracis

Spinalis Thoracis

70
Q

What muscles laterally bend the neck?

A

Iliocostalis Cervicis

Longissimus Cervicis

Semispinalus Cervicis

71
Q

What muscles laterally bend the spine?

A

Iliocostalis Thoracis & Lumborum

Longissimus Thoracis

Semispinalis Thoracis

Multifidus

72
Q

What muscles are involved in the dynamic support of the arch of the foot?

A

APHLI

Anal Play Has Long Interactions

Tibialis Anterior

Tibialis Posterior

Flexor Hallicus Longus

Fibularis Longus

Intrinsic plantar muscles

73
Q

What structures are involved in Passive Support of the Dynamic Arch of the foot?

A

PSLP

P.S. Let’s Play

Plantar aponeurosis

Short plantar ligament

Long plantar ligament

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

74
Q

What is a unique characteristic of the gastrocnemius?

A

Lateral head may contain a sesamoid bone close to its proximal attachment

Fabella (3-5% people)

May possibly assit as a leverage; during knee replacement, can become cracked and cause pain in individuals

75
Q

What is the function of the gastrocnemius?

A

Plantar flexion

Flexes leg at knee joint

Most superficial posterior compartment muscle of the lower leg

76
Q

What is the function of the soleus muscle? Characteristics?

A

Plantarflexion

Broad, flat multipennate muscle

Lies deep to gastrocnemius

Forms a tripartite muscle w/ gastrocnemius = “triceps surae” = forms calf prominence

77
Q

What does the “triceps surae” of the lower leg consists of and what does it form?

A

Forms the calf prominence

Soleus muscle joining with the gastrocnemius = tripartite muscle

78
Q

What is the function of the plantaris muscle?

A

Weak plantarflexion and leg flexion

79
Q

What is the function of the popliteus muscle? Characteristics?

A

Unlocks extended leg by laterally rotating femus on a stationary tibia

Weakly extends the leg

Thin, flat triangular muscle

Forms the inferior border of popliteal fossa

Deep to plantaris

80
Q

What is the function and characteristics of the flexor hallicus longus muscle?

A

Flexes great toe

Plantarflexes foot at ankle joint

Lies deep to soleus; largest deep posterior muscle

Passes inferiorly deep to flexor retinaculum

81
Q

What is the largest deep posterior muscle? What is its function?

A

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Flexes great toe; Plantarflex foot at ankle joint

82
Q

What is the function of the flexor digitorum longus muscle?

A

Flexes lateral four digits

Plantarflex foot at ankle joint

83
Q

What is the function of the tibialis posterior?

A

Inversion

Plantarflexion

84
Q

List the 5 components that run past the ankle laterally

A

Tom, Dick, a.n. Harry

Tibialis posterior

Flexor digitorum longus

Posterior tibial artery

Tibial nerve

Flexor Hallucis longus

85
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior leg muscles?

A

Tibial Nerve branch of sciatic nerve

Deep to soleus

86
Q

Explain how the posterior tibial artery is related to clinical anatomy

A

Can be palpated if patient has cold feet or is losing sensation

Palpated between posterior surface of medial malleolus and medial border of calcaneal tendon

Deep to flexor retinaculum

87
Q

What are the crural/leg fascias? (3)

A

Fascia lata

Crural fascia

Extensor retinaculum

88
Q

What is the function of the tibialis anterior muscle?

A

Dorsiflexion

Inversion of foot

89
Q

What is the function of the extensor digitorum longus muscle?

A

Extends lateral four digits

Dorsiflexion

90
Q

What is the function of the fibularis tertius muscle?

A

Dorsiflexion

Eversion of the foot

91
Q

What is the function of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

Extends hallux

Dorsiflex ankle

92
Q

What nerve(s) supplies the anterior compartment muscles?

A

Deep fibular nerve

One of the two terminal branches of the common fibular nerve (begins b/w fibula and fibularis longus muscle)

Runs inferomedially w/ anterior tibial vessels b/w tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus

93
Q

What does the deep fibular nerve innervate other than the anterior compartment muscles?

A

Ankle joint and metacarpel phalangeal joints

Dorsal intrinsic foot muscles

Skin b/w 1st and 2nd digits

(only cutaneous innervation of foot)

94
Q

What artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery via popliteal artery

95
Q

What is the function of the fibularis longus muscle?

A

Eversion

Plantarflexion

96
Q

What is the function of the fibularis brevis muscle?

A

Eversion

Plantarflexion

Runs deep to fibularis longus muscle

97
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral leg compartments?

A

Superficial Fibular Nerve

98
Q

What occurs with damage to the common fibular nerve?

A

Paralysis of all anterior and lateral crural muscles

Footdrop = loss of dorsiflexion and eversion

99
Q

What causes shin splints?

A

Repetitive microtrauma to tibialis anterior

inducing small tears to periosteum over tibia

100
Q

What muscles are involved with layer 1 of the plantar aspect of the foot? (3)

A

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digitorum brevis

Abductor Hallucis

101
Q

List the 3 fascia of the foot on the dorsum, sole, and plantar

A

Dorsum = continuous w/ extensor retinaculum

Sole = Plantar fascia thickens to become plantar aponeurosis = Plantar

102
Q

What are the roles of the foot muscles located on the sole?

A

Help maintain foot arches

Standing on uneven ground

103
Q

What muscles are involved in the 2 layer of the foot? (2) What are their functions?

A

Quadratus plantae

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits, if absent, toes will be pulled laterally; keeps toes straight when flexed; corrects the line of pull of the flexor

Lumbricals

Flex mp joint

Extend pip and dip joints

104
Q

What nerves supply the sole of the foot?

A

Medial and Lateral Plantar Nerve

Supplies Plantar skin

Appears in second foot layer

105
Q

What muscles of the foot do the medial plantar nerve innervate?

A

Larger of the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve

Abductor Hallucis

Flexor digitorum brevis

Medial 1 lumbrical

Flexor hallucis brevis

All others are innervated by lateral plantar nerve

106
Q

What nerve is derived to form the blood supply of the sole of the foot?

A

Posterior tibial artery

Divides deep to abductor hallucis to form medial and lateral plantar arteries

107
Q

What bones form the foot arch? What is the function and what are the two foot arches?

A

Tarsal and Metatarsal bones

Absorbs shock during weightbearing

Makes foot adaptable to surface and weight changes

Longitudinal (medial & lateral parts) and Transverse Arch (runs b/w medial & lateral longitudinal arches)

KCUMB Anatomy - Erin (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions