EXAM III Gluteal Region

Question 1

What muscles does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

Describe its pathway

Answer 1

Gluteus medius

Gluteus medius

Tensor fasciae latae

Leaves pelvis superior to piriformis w/ superior gluteal artery, run b/w medius and minimus

Question 2

What muscle does the inferior gluteal nerve supply? Describe its path

Answer 2

Gluteus maximus

Leaves pelvis and runs inferior to piriformis w/ inferior gluteal artery

Question 3

Explain the course of the sciatic nerve and what does it split into?

Answer 3

Leaves pelvis inferior piriformis w/ inferior gluteal N. halfway down thigh splits into tibial and common fibular N.

Does not supply any gluteal muscles

Question 4

Describe the path of the Obturator Internus/Superior Gemellus Nerve

Answer 4

Leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen and reenters pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen

Question 5

What does the pudendal nerve branch off of? Explain its path

Answer 5

Most medial branch of the sciatic nerve.

Exits pelvis and reenters via lesser sciatic foramen to supply perineal structures

Supplies perineal muscles & external genitalia

Does not supply any gluteal structures

Question 6

What 3 branches arise from the internal iliac artery?

Answer 6

Superior gluteal artery - superficial branch = gluteus max, deep branch = gluteus medius & min., tensor fascia lata

Inferior gluteal artery

Internal pudendal artery

Question 7

What muscles does the inferior gluteal artery supply?

Answer 7

Gluteus maximus

Small lateral rotators

Superior hamstrings

Question 8

What can cause a posterior hip dislocation? What nerve does it damage and what problems can arise?

What happens in a fracture?

Answer 8

Knee is flexed, in sitting position and get rammed forward; sciatic nerve damage

may result in paralysis of hamstrings and muscles distal to knee

Fracture = femoral neck is cracked, more shortening of the leg

Question 9

What anastomosis does the inferior gluteal artery contribute to?

Answer 9

Cruciate anastomosis of the thigh

Question 10

What two arteries supplies the gluteus maximus?

Answer 10

Inferior Gluteal arteries

Superficial branch of the Superior gluteal arteries

Question 11

Where should an intragluteal injection be placed to avoid what nerve?

Answer 11

Supero-lateral part of gluteal region

Can affect the sciatic nerve as well as other gluteal nerves and vessels

Question 12

What is the importance of the cruciate anastomosis of the thigh and what are the branches?

Answer 12

Supplies blood to leg if femoral artery is occluded or severed

Inferior gluteal artery

Perforating arteries

Medial circumflex femoral artery

Lateral circumflex femoral artery, transverse branch

Question 13

What is the function of the gluteus maximus and what nerve innervates it?

Answer 13

Chief thigh extensor

Lateral rotation

Slight leg extension w/ tensor fascia lata

Inferior Gluteal N.

Question 14

What are the functions of the gluteus medius and minimus and what nerve innervates them?

Answer 14

Superior Gluteal N.

Thigh abduction and medial rotation

Question 15

What is the action of the tensor fascia lata and what nerve innervates it?

Answer 15

Superior Gluteal Nerve

Abducts, Medially rotates, and flexes thigh

Slight knee extension w/ gluteus maximus

Question 16

What is the significance of the iliotibial tract? What are its antagonists and synergists while pulling the patella laterally?

Answer 16

Assists in decelerating adduction of thigh

Laterally stabilizes knee

Extends leg, compensates for quadriceps paralysis via gluteus max flexion

Pulls patella laterally:

Antagonist - vastus medialis

Synergist - vastus lateralis

(stretch to treat chondromalacia patella)

Question 17

What is the causes of Duchenne’s Limp? What muscles are affected?

Answer 17

Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus minimus

Gluteus medius