EXAM III Gluteal Region Flashcards
What muscles does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?
Describe its pathway
Gluteus medius
Gluteus medius
Tensor fasciae latae
Leaves pelvis superior to piriformis w/ superior gluteal artery, run b/w medius and minimus
What muscle does the inferior gluteal nerve supply? Describe its path
Gluteus maximus
Leaves pelvis and runs inferior to piriformis w/ inferior gluteal artery
Explain the course of the sciatic nerve and what does it split into?
Leaves pelvis inferior piriformis w/ inferior gluteal N. halfway down thigh splits into tibial and common fibular N.
Does not supply any gluteal muscles
Describe the path of the Obturator Internus/Superior Gemellus Nerve
Leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen and reenters pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen
What does the pudendal nerve branch off of? Explain its path
Most medial branch of the sciatic nerve.
Exits pelvis and reenters via lesser sciatic foramen to supply perineal structures
Supplies perineal muscles & external genitalia
Does not supply any gluteal structures
What 3 branches arise from the internal iliac artery?
Superior gluteal artery - superficial branch = gluteus max, deep branch = gluteus medius & min., tensor fascia lata
Inferior gluteal artery
Internal pudendal artery
What muscles does the inferior gluteal artery supply?
Gluteus maximus
Small lateral rotators
Superior hamstrings
What can cause a posterior hip dislocation? What nerve does it damage and what problems can arise?
What happens in a fracture?
Knee is flexed, in sitting position and get rammed forward; sciatic nerve damage
may result in paralysis of hamstrings and muscles distal to knee
Fracture = femoral neck is cracked, more shortening of the leg
What anastomosis does the inferior gluteal artery contribute to?
Cruciate anastomosis of the thigh
What two arteries supplies the gluteus maximus?
Inferior Gluteal arteries
Superficial branch of the Superior gluteal arteries
Where should an intragluteal injection be placed to avoid what nerve?
Supero-lateral part of gluteal region
Can affect the sciatic nerve as well as other gluteal nerves and vessels
What is the importance of the cruciate anastomosis of the thigh and what are the branches?
Supplies blood to leg if femoral artery is occluded or severed
Inferior gluteal artery
Perforating arteries
Medial circumflex femoral artery
Lateral circumflex femoral artery, transverse branch
What is the function of the gluteus maximus and what nerve innervates it?
Chief thigh extensor
Lateral rotation
Slight leg extension w/ tensor fascia lata
Inferior Gluteal N.
What are the functions of the gluteus medius and minimus and what nerve innervates them?
Superior Gluteal N.
Thigh abduction and medial rotation
What is the action of the tensor fascia lata and what nerve innervates it?
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Abducts, Medially rotates, and flexes thigh
Slight knee extension w/ gluteus maximus
What is the significance of the iliotibial tract? What are its antagonists and synergists while pulling the patella laterally?
Assists in decelerating adduction of thigh
Laterally stabilizes knee
Extends leg, compensates for quadriceps paralysis via gluteus max flexion
Pulls patella laterally:
Antagonist - vastus medialis
Synergist - vastus lateralis
(stretch to treat chondromalacia patella)
What is the causes of Duchenne’s Limp? What muscles are affected?
Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
