EXAM II

Question 1

Neurovascular bundle consist of:

Answer 1

Nerve

Vein

Artery

Question 2

Define anatomical end artery and state their location

Answer 2

Terminal artery branches that do not anastomose

Therefore, if blockage occurs, the tissue cannot receive blood from any other source and can die

Located: brain, kidney, spleen

Question 3

Functional End Arteries and example of location

Answer 3

Arteries that do anastomose, but vessels are so tiny that they can be considered as end arteries

Coronary arteries

Question 4

List the 3 types of capillaries

Answer 4

1. Continuous - (most common) skin, muscle, lungs, CNS
2. Fenestrated - PKE pores, portal system, kidney, endocrine glands
3. Discontinuous/Sinusoids = SAL- spleen, suprarenal glands, anterior pituitary, liver

Question 5

List the structural characteristics of arteries and veins

Answer 5

5

Lumen diameter

Wall Thickness

Cross-sectional shape

Thickest tunic

Elastic & Collagen fibers in tunics

Question 6

List the functional characteristics of arteries and veins

Answer 6

3

Blood Pressure

Blood flow

Blood Oxygen Levels

Question 7

How much blood do the veins hold at rest?

Answer 7

60%

Labeled as blood reservoirs

Venous valves prevent backflow; deep veins contain skeletal muscle pumps

Question 8

List the Elastic/Conducting Arteries and state their characteristics

Answer 8

Artery with a large number of collagen and elastin filaments in the tunica media closer to the heart, which gives it the ability to stretch in response to each pulse. Going down, diameter decreases, less amount of elastic fibers and smooth muscle increases

Aorta, pulmonary arteries, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid and iliac

Question 9

Muscular Arteries

Answer 9

Distributing artery (or muscular artery) = medium-sized artery that draw blood from an elastic artery and branch into “resistance vessels” including small arteries and arterioles.

Question 10

Arterioles are under what control system?

Answer 10

Autonomic

Question 11

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 11

Blood clot/thrombus = usually legs; calf or femoral

Mobile clot = embolus

Question 12

Aneurysm

Answer 12

Ballooning/rupturing of a blood vessel

Question 13

Cardiac/Cerebral Infarct

Answer 13

Occlusion of arterial lumen

Question 14

Another term used for anastomoses is ___

Answer 14

Collateral circulation

Veins tend to form more than arteries

Question 15

Contents of tunica media and characteristics

Answer 15

Contains smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers

Under Autonomic control

Question 16

Vasa Vasorum

Answer 16

Vessel of a vessel

Small vessels that supply the cells of the blood vessel walls

Question 17

Which vessel layer(s) are capillaries made up of?

Answer 17

Tunica intima only

Consisting of basement membrane and endothelial layer

Rapid gas and nutrient exchange

Question 18

At what diameter does a vessel truley become a vein?

Answer 18

100 micrometers

Contain mostly elastin with tunica externa being the thickest layer

Question 19

Celiac Trunk Supplies what

Answer 19

Left branches into splenic artery suppling the spleen

Right branches into hepatic artery suppling the liver

Question 20

Superior mesenteric artery supplies what

Answer 20

Ascending and Transverse duodenum

Pancreas

Stomach; jejunum, ileum

Appendix

Cecum

Ascending & transverse colon

Question 21

Inferior Mesenteric Artery Supplies what

Answer 21

Descending colon, part of transverse colon

Part of rectum

Question 22

Function of the hepatic portal system

Answer 22

Drains GI tract and shunts the blood to the liver for processing and absorption of transported materials