EXAM II Flashcards
Neurovascular bundle consist of:
Nerve
Vein
Artery
Define anatomical end artery and state their location
Terminal artery branches that do not anastomose
Therefore, if blockage occurs, the tissue cannot receive blood from any other source and can die
Located: brain, kidney, spleen
Functional End Arteries and example of location
Arteries that do anastomose, but vessels are so tiny that they can be considered as end arteries
Coronary arteries
List the 3 types of capillaries
- Continuous - (most common) skin, muscle, lungs, CNS
- Fenestrated - PKE pores, portal system, kidney, endocrine glands
- Discontinuous/Sinusoids = SAL- spleen, suprarenal glands, anterior pituitary, liver
List the structural characteristics of arteries and veins
5
Lumen diameter
Wall Thickness
Cross-sectional shape
Thickest tunic
Elastic & Collagen fibers in tunics
List the functional characteristics of arteries and veins
3
Blood Pressure
Blood flow
Blood Oxygen Levels
How much blood do the veins hold at rest?
60%
Labeled as blood reservoirs
Venous valves prevent backflow; deep veins contain skeletal muscle pumps
List the Elastic/Conducting Arteries and state their characteristics
Artery with a large number of collagen and elastin filaments in the tunica media closer to the heart, which gives it the ability to stretch in response to each pulse. Going down, diameter decreases, less amount of elastic fibers and smooth muscle increases
Aorta, pulmonary arteries, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid and iliac
Muscular Arteries
Distributing artery (or muscular artery) = medium-sized artery that draw blood from an elastic artery and branch into “resistance vessels” including small arteries and arterioles.
Arterioles are under what control system?
Autonomic
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Blood clot/thrombus = usually legs; calf or femoral
Mobile clot = embolus
Aneurysm
Ballooning/rupturing of a blood vessel
Cardiac/Cerebral Infarct
Occlusion of arterial lumen
Another term used for anastomoses is ___
Collateral circulation
Veins tend to form more than arteries
Contents of tunica media and characteristics
Contains smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers
Under Autonomic control
Vasa Vasorum
Vessel of a vessel
Small vessels that supply the cells of the blood vessel walls
Which vessel layer(s) are capillaries made up of?
Tunica intima only
Consisting of basement membrane and endothelial layer
Rapid gas and nutrient exchange
At what diameter does a vessel truley become a vein?
100 micrometers
Contain mostly elastin with tunica externa being the thickest layer
Celiac Trunk Supplies what
Left branches into splenic artery suppling the spleen
Right branches into hepatic artery suppling the liver
Superior mesenteric artery supplies what
Ascending and Transverse duodenum
Pancreas
Stomach; jejunum, ileum
Appendix
Cecum
Ascending & transverse colon
Inferior Mesenteric Artery Supplies what
Descending colon, part of transverse colon
Part of rectum
Function of the hepatic portal system
Drains GI tract and shunts the blood to the liver for processing and absorption of transported materials
