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Bio > Exam: Evolution > Flashcards

Exam: Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

What is evolution

A

Living things that change overtime according to its habitat.

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2
Q

What is adaption and give examples

A

A trait that an organism occurs that selects for their habitat trough mutations.

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3
Q

What is natural selection

A

Traits that the environment selects for to survive easier, therefore moving onto future generations,

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4
Q

What is artificial selection

A

Selective breeding to choose traits that are desired by humans.

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5
Q

What is sexual selection

A

When mating comes down to the male and female organisms, not to the environment. Chosen mainly through attractive features.

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6
Q

What is Lamark’s theory of inheritance of acquired traits

A

Traits that are developed in one’s lifetime will be passed down to the offspring

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7
Q

What is Darwin’s theory of natural selection

A

Organisms that better thrive in a environment will pass down traits that assist in survival.

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8
Q

What is gene flow

A

Net movement of alleles from one population to another (migration)

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9
Q

What is generic drift

A

Change in allele frequencies of a gene pool of a small population due to chance of events

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10
Q

What is the founder effect

A

Few individuals from a population leave and find a new island to colonize. Only a fraction of OG population is represented.

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11
Q

What is the bottleneck effect

A

Natural disasters cause drastic reduction. Like a bottle

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12
Q

What are the three types of natural selection and what is it.

A

Stabilizing= favours average phenotype in a population (baby weights)
Directional= prefers extreme or greater fitness than the average (peppered moths)
Disruptive= either extreme or low fitness than average (big fish or small fish)

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13
Q

What are the three types of speciation

A

Allopatric, sympatric, adaptive radiation

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14
Q

What is allopatric speciation

A

When population is separated by geographical barrier (river)

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15
Q

What is synpatric speciation

A

Species in same geographical area diverge and become reproductively isolsted

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16
Q

What is adaptive radiation

A

A form of allopatric speciation, diversity of common sncestricak species inri variety of differently adapted species. Species show different traust when they explore new environment, interbreeding eventually becomes impossible.

17
Q

What are pre zygotes isolation mechanisms

A

Habitat, temporal, behavioural, mechanical, gamete

18
Q

What is habitat isolating mechanism

A

Two species live in the same area but different habitats and rarely encounter eachother ( one living in trees and other living in water)

19
Q

What is temporal isolation

A

Timing doesn’t match up (season, daylight)

20
Q

What is mechanical isolation

A

Dick too big

21
Q

What is gamete isolation

A

The sperm never meets with the egg

22
Q

What are post zygotes isolation

A

Zygote mortality, hybrid infertility, hybrid invaibilty

23
Q

What is zygote mortality

A

Random,t stops development of zygote,nfertilizes but never survives

24
Q

What is hybrid infertility

A

Two species mate and hybrid is sterile but can’t make babies

25
Q

What is hybrid inviability

A

1st gen hybrids and viable and fertile but second gen has reduced fitness

26
Q

What is convergent evolution

A

Species that come from completely different ancestors but face similar characteristics

27
Q

What is divergent evolution

A

When an ancestor slowly starts up evolving into different species.

28
Q

What are homologous structures

A

Same structure but different functions

29
Q

What are analogous structures

A

Share a common function but no common structure.

30
Q

What is a vestigial structure

A

Structure that we used to use in the past but not anymore

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