evolution

Question 1

what is scientific hypothesis

Answer 1

a statement that provides one possible answer to a
question, or a possible explanation for an observation.

Question 2

what is scientific theory

Answer 2

a general statement made based on hypotheses that lead to
successful predictions

Question 3

what is evolution

Answer 3

the process of genetic change in a population overtime due to interactions between biotic anabiotic factors

Question 4

what did plato (greek philosopher) declare

Answer 4

Every organism is an example of a perfect essence or
type created by God, and that these types are
unchanging. Variations were to be ignored, and instead focus on the
perfect type.

Question 5

Who had typological thinking

Answer 5

plato

Question 6

what did Aristotle declare

Answer 6

Aristotle ordered organisms into a linear
scheme called the Great Chain of Being.
Species were organized into a graded
scale of perfection based on increased
size and complexity, with humans at the
top.

Question 7

what is the Great Chain of Being

Answer 7

artistotles organization of organisms into the scale of perfection with people at the top

Question 8

what did John ray declare

Answer 8

developed a classification system for plants and animals based on anatomy and physiology.

Question 9

what did Carolus Linnaeus develop (declare)

Answer 9

developed binomial nomenclature

Question 10

What did Buffon declare

Answer 10

as someone who studied biogeography and anatomy, he said that life forms are changing

Question 11

PALEONTOLOGY is the study of

Answer 11

fossils

Question 12

Georges Cuvier declared

Answer 12

science of palaeontology. Each layer of rock has a unique fossil species. Deeper the layer, the more dissimilar species are. New species appear overtime and others dissapear

Question 13

Georges Cuvier infered that

Answer 13

Earth experienced revolutions, which were violent enough to have killed numerous species.

Question 14

what are revolutions

Answer 14

many destructive natural events in the past

Question 15

what is CATASTROPHISM

Answer 15

catastrophes destroyed species living in an area, allowing species from neighbouring regions to repopulate the area.

Question 16

who rejected catastrophism

Answer 16

Charles Lyell

Question 17

What did Charles Lyell declare

Answer 17

UNIFORMITARIANISM: If geologic changes are slow and continuous
rather than catastrophic, the Earth must be over
6000 years old. Slow subtle processes can occur over long periods
of time leading to big changes (i.e. build and erode
mountains, floods).

Question 18

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck declared

Answer 18

suggested that characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime can be passed on to its offspring. USE AND DISUSE: which
suggests that body parts not used would eventually
disappear. (the dumbass one)

Question 19

Thomas Malthus declared

Answer 19

populations multiply faster than the
food supply. Populations are kept in check by famine
and/or disease.

Question 20

Who influenced Darwins theory

Answer 20

Thomas Malthus

Question 21

Charles Darwin declared

Answer 21

variation in a population was the key to understanding species.

Question 22

Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 22

individuals with traits that helped
them survive their local environments were likely
to survive and pass on these traits to their
offspring. (Natural selection)

Question 23

What word did Darwin never use in his book (Origin of species) and what word did he use instead

Answer 23

didn’tt use evolution, used decent with modification

Question 24

why didn’t Darwin use the word evolution in his book

Answer 24

species in the past are our ancestors and does not have a set linear direction, it instead is based off of natural selection.

Question 25

what is an adaption

Answer 25

a process that helps an organism to survive and reproduce in an enviorment. It results in gradual changes (random mutations in DNA)

Question 26

What is behavioural Adaption

Answer 26

change in actions that helps it survive and reproduce ex. diet, migration, hibernation

Question 27

structural adaptation

Answer 27

physical features that help organisms survive and reproduce ex webbed feet, beak shape, sharp claws, fur, scales

Question 28

what is mimicry

Answer 28

non harmful appears as another harmful species

Question 29

physiological adaption

Answer 29

internal processes that help animals maintain homeostasis. Internal responses by external stimuli ex venom production, shivering, scent glands, water retention

Question 30

how do adaptions develop

Answer 30

not all variations become adaptions. Evniormental conditions determine if positive or negative helpful variations pass down and survive.

Question 31

what is a mutation

Answer 31

permanent change in DNA of an organism. Every mutation exhibits new characteristics. Creates new alleles and occurs continuously in s phase of interphase

Question 32

what is selective advantage

Answer 32

genetic advantage that improves organisms chance of survival in a changing environment

Question 33

what is rapid reproduction

Answer 33

overpopulation. Usually toned down by antibiotics but a chance of antibiotic resistance

Question 34

whatever is Natural selection and where can it only occur

Answer 34

process of change in characteristics of a population over many generations. It can only occur in genetically diverse population

Question 35

What is fitness

Answer 35

organisms ability to survive and reproduce in a local environment. Alleles are passable to offspring

Question 36

What does no diversity lead to

Answer 36

extinction

Question 37

what is artificial selection

Answer 37

selective pressure by humans in order to improve or modify certain traits. Selective breeding or transgenic organisms

Question 38

what are the consequences of artificial selection

Answer 38

no genetic diversity, negativity affects other traits

Question 39

What is monoculture

Answer 39

same crop planted repeatedly in a field. It is easy to manage but environmental changes can easily wipe out crops

Question 40

what is embryology

Answer 40

organisms that are closely related may also have physical similarities before they are even born.

Question 41

what is comparative anatomy

Answer 41

compare and contrast different bone structures

Question 42

what are homologous structures

Answer 42

individual variable to one in a common anatomical theme seen in closely related organisms

Question 43

what are analogous structures

Answer 43

very different anatomy but similar functions. Not nessecearily closely related but like in similar environments and similar adaptions

Question 44

What are vestigial structures

Answer 44

anatomical remnants that were important for ancestors but are no longer used in the same way

Question 45

what is molecular biology

Answer 45

to check similarity through amino acids or alleles (DNA)