Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio > Diversity unit 1 > Flashcards

Diversity unit 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why classify animals

A

differentiate, to find ancestors, to find relatives, to easily classify new species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

phylogeny

A

compare through evolutionary history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

morphology

A

structure of animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

biology

A

if they can reproduce together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Taxonomy

A

the action of classifying and naming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

who developed binomial nomenclature

A

carols linnaeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

the naming system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 different morphology

A

DNA, anatomical (external), physiological (internal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

types of biodiversity

A

genetic, species, ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

eukaryotic

A

nucleus, complicated, bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

prokaryotic cells

A

have no nucleus, simple, small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 different domains

A

bacteria, archaea, eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

domain bacteria is

A
  • a decomposer
  • can make people sick
  • makes yogurt
  • eukaryote
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

domain archaea is

A
  • prokaryotic
  • lives in harsh environments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

domain eukaryote is

A
  • eukaryote
  • animals, plants, fungi, protists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

kingdom different categories

A

animals, plants, protists, bacteria, fungi, anarchea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

main charcteristics of kingdom (what are we looking for)

A

of cells
pro or eu
reproduction
auto or hetero (nutrition)
cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are viruses

A

DNA/RNA and a protein coat (capsid) that invades a host and depends on it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do viruses lack

A

cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what re viruses size

A

30nm to 300nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

shapes of viruses

A

polyhedral, helical, enveloped, complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

polyhedral virus example

A

polio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

helical virus examples

A

rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

enveloped virus examples

A

covid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the lystic cycle acronym

A

AERIAL (attachment, entry/injection, replication, assembly, lysis and release)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the lysogenic Cycle

A

viral dna joins hosts chromosomes, attaches to nucleus, then gets activated in an external trigger to produce new virus, then goes into lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is retrovirus

A

uses RNA for genetics, passes its viral DNA and turns it into DNA through reverse transcriptase, goes through cell cycle and passes the mutated DNA to daughter cells, can remain dominant for years w/ no harm to host. The provirus can separate from the host chromosomes and complete lytic cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is reverse transcriptase

A

passing viral DNA as hosts DNA (retrovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

viruses connection to humans

A

gene therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are prions

A

disease causing protiens that become harmful when they change shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

example of prions disease

A

mad cow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Bacteria

A

is a small independent living organism, good or bad, lives in different environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

characteristics of a bacteria

A

unicellular, prokaryotic, singular DNA loop, small ribosomes, cell wall of peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what kingdom is bacteria in

A

bacteria dumbass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

size of bacteria

A

0.2-10um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

shapes of bacteria

A

cocci, bacilli, coccbailli, vibrios, spiral, spirochetes, star, rectangle, pleomorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is diplo

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is tetrad

A

4 (cocci)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is sarcinae

A

8 (cocci)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is steplo

A

chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is straphlo

A

grape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

ways bacterias move

A

w/ flagella or gliding bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

gram stain classification

A

bacteria classification on its response to being on the cell wall, they show differences in amino acids and sugar molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

gram positive characteristics

A

thick with peptidoglycan and purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

gram negative characteristics

A

thin and pink with large and diverse # of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

name the complex shape diagram form top to bottom

A

capsid (dna inside), collar, sheath, base, tail fibre, pin, tail core (dna out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is a zone of inhibition

A

bacteria growth area with unlimited food and space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what are the three zones of inhabitation

A

normal growth, inhibited growth, total inhabitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what is normal growth in zones of inhibition

A

cloudy areas around the disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what is inhibited growth in zones of inhibition

A

less cloudy areas around the disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what is total inhibition in zones of growth

A

clear areas no growth

52
Q

bacterias method of reproduction

A

conjunction (sexual) and binary fission (asexual)

53
Q

what is binary fission and how

A

cell cycle, plasmids split into daughter cells

54
Q

Antibiotic resistance

A

through conjunction, bacterium can acquire a gene that becomes resistance to an antibiotic

55
Q

what is conjunction and how

A

sexual reproduction where DNA plasmids passes from one bacterial cell to another structure called pill, produces new genetic combos

56
Q

what are plasmids

A

small loops of DNA that can be transferred through conjunction, resulting in new genetic combinations within a population

57
Q

what are the bacteria cycles important in (biotechnology)

A

genetic engineering

58
Q

bacterial gas exchange methods (3)

A

aerobe, obligate anaerobe, facultative aerobe

59
Q

bacteria are mesophiles, what are mesophiles

A

organisms that occupy moderate conditions

60
Q

What is aerobe

A

requires oxygen (skin)

61
Q

what is obligate anaerobe

A

dies when exposed to oxygen (large intestine)

62
Q

what is facultative aerobes

A

doesn’t need oxygen but uses it when present (e.coli)

63
Q

biological role of bacteria

A

plant growth, decommission, food digestion, human food

64
Q

endospores

A

hard walled structures that protect organisms genetic material, resistant to any damaging environments, turns back into active bacterium when suitable conditions return, not in archea

65
Q

Archaea bacteria

A

unicellular, cell wall (no peptiglycan and can withstand damaging conditions (extremophiles), some form of in colonies

66
Q

archaea bacteria reproduction

A

conjunction and binary conjucition

67
Q

archer bacteria role

A

some create methane, no connection to human health

68
Q

thermophiles live in

A

temperature over 100

69
Q

acidophiles live in

A

low pH

70
Q

Halophiles live in

A

salt concentration above 20%

71
Q

methanogens live in

A

lives with methanes

72
Q

psychrophiles live in

A

unusual cold temperatures

73
Q

thermoacidophiles

A

hot and acidic

74
Q

who created the theory of endosybiosis

A

Lynn margulis

75
Q

what is endosymbiosis

A

eukaryotic cells evolved from symbiotic (working together) relationships between two or more prokaryotic cells.

76
Q

what is endosymbiont

A

one prokaryotic cell (host) swallow another prokaryotic cell, swallowed cell survives and becomes apart of the host cell

77
Q

What is the endosymbiosis theory of chloroplasts and mitochondria

A

they might’ve been free living prokaryotes engulfed by larger prokaryotes

78
Q

comparison of chloroplast, mitochondria and prokaryotes

A

similar membrane, ribosomes, binary fission, circular chromosomes, matching gene sequence

79
Q

what are protists

A

diverse groups of organisms that do not fit well into other kingdoms

80
Q

protists cell type

A

eukaryotic unicellular, sometimes few multicellular colonies like red and green alga

81
Q

shape of protists

A

varies

82
Q

size of protists

A

0.01-0.5mm, sometimes as big as 5cm

83
Q

reproduction

A

mostly asexual (mitosis)

84
Q

main groups of protists (3)

A

animal lie, fungi like, plant like

85
Q

animal like protists (protozoa) characteristics

A

heterotrophs, unicellular, no cell walls, mitosis or conduction, can move, some are parasitic

86
Q

Sub divisions of protozoa (4)

A

ciliates, flagellates, cercozans, sporozoans

87
Q

what are ciliates

A

cilia move around for food sweeping

88
Q

what are flagellaates

A

uses flagellum to swim

89
Q

phylum sporozoans

A

pseudopods (temp cytoplasm extensions for feeding and movement

90
Q

what are cercozans

A

non motive, reproduce using spores, includes parasitic profits

91
Q

what are fungi like protist

A

has chemicals that digest foods, then eats (heterotroph), asexual, cell wall cellulose (not the plants cellulose), slime or water moulds

92
Q

what are plant like protists

A

contains chlorophyll and photosynthesis (have cellulose cell walls), producers

93
Q

protists biological role

A
  • adage produces oxygen through photosynthesis
  • some termites help digest wood fibres
94
Q

protists connection to human health

A

malarya. breaks down nutrients in body, seaweed (food)

95
Q

what are vascular tissues

A

allows the plant to send water and nutrients to the plant

96
Q

what are roots

A

extracts nutrients from the ground and anchoring plant to the ground

97
Q

what are leafs

A

increases surface area for exchanges in gas and sun

97
Q

plant kingdom characteristics

A

eukaryotic, multicellular, cell wall cellulose, autotrophs, asexual and sexual

98
Q

connection to human health

A

food, medicine, oxygen, cotton, wood (shelter), bio fuels

99
Q

general plant kingdom categories (3)

A

non vascular bryophytes, seedless vascular, seed producing vascular plants

100
Q

examples of protists

A

red algae, kelp, ameoba

101
Q

fungi kingdom characteristics

A

majority multicellular, no cell wall, heterotroph, asexual and sexual, antibiotics and causes diseases, decomposes in the food chain, food production (beer(, medicine (antibiotics), and biotechnology

102
Q

what is a parasite fungi

A

absorbs nutrients living host dies, produces new spores

103
Q

what is a predatery fungi

A

specialized trapping structure for prey

104
Q

what is mutualistic fungi

A

fungi grows on other plants, allowing plants to get more nutrients, but fungi takes sugar inreturn

105
Q

what is saprobial fungi

A

typical fungi that feeds on organic waste

106
Q

kingdom Animalia characteristics

A

eukaryotic, multicellular, no cell walls, heterotrophic, mobile at least in one stage, sexual, produces embryo that makes life

107
Q

animals characteristics

A

backbone (vertebrate) or no backbone (invertebrate), 1-3 body layers, active or sessile movement

108
Q

animals body symmetry (3)

A

asymmetrical, radial or bilateral

109
Q

animals body segmentation?

A

division of body into repetitive sections

110
Q

animals body cavity?

A

present or absent

111
Q

animal reproduction methods?

A

asexuall or sexual, internal or external fertilization

112
Q

what are vascular and what are the two different types

A

xylem and phylum, they transfer water and sugars from photosynthesis

113
Q

do bryophties in the plant kingdom have vascular tissues

A

no

114
Q

do seedless vascular in the plant kingdom have vascular tissues

A

yes

115
Q

do seed producing in the plant kingdom have vascular tissues

A

yes

116
Q

do bryophties in the plant kingdom have dominant generations and how much

A

haploid (single set of chromosomes)

117
Q

do seedless vascular in the plant kingdom have dominant generations and how much

A

diploid (two sets of chromosomes)

118
Q

do seed producing in the plant kingdom have dominant generations and how much

A

diploid (two sets of chromosomes)

119
Q

do seed producing in the plant kingdom have dominant generations and how much

A

diploid (two sets of chromosomes)

120
Q

where do bryophites from the plant kingdom have species disposal

A

through spores

121
Q

where do seedless vascular from the plant kingdom have species disposal

A

through spores

122
Q

where do seed producing from the plant kingdom have species disposal

A

through seeds

123
Q

where do seed producing from the plant kingdom have species disposal

A

through seeds

124
Q

what are the characteristics of fungi

A

eukaryotic, multicellular, cell walls of chytrid, heterotropic, sexual or asexual

125
Q

what is fungi made of

A

hyphae (makes the body inside), mycelium (roots), fruiting body (above ground shit)

126
Q

animal cells cell type

A

eukaryotic,

Bio (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions