Exam buzzwords Flashcards
Differentiate between ALL and AML
*ALL more common in kids
*AML more common if background of myelodysplastic disorder
Do you get increased infections and fever in CLL?
In CLL defective cells are still mature, therefore:
- no increased infection number (high number of mature WCC)
- Fever may be present due to raised interleukins (as high WCC)
Specific treatment for CML
Imatinib → tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Cause of positive direct Coombs test?
CLL
What’s Richter’s transformation?
Change from CLL to diffuse B cell lymphoma (or less commonly Hodking’s)
Where can you see smudge cells?
In CLL
‘Curtain coming down’
Diagnosis?
Retinal detachment
Cherry red spot on the pale retina
retinal artery occlusion
*red spot is the area still supplied with blood as it is supplied by choroid artery (when retina is pale as this is supplied by retinal a.)
Diagnosis?
Retinal vein occlusion
*flare haemorrhages and cotton wool spots are seen; severe macular oedema; haemorrhages in all quadrants of the eye
What kind of visual loss retinitis pigmentosa causes?
tunnel vision
Fundoscopy findings:
Bone spicules and pale atrophic optic disc
Diagnosis?
Retinitis pigmentosa
loss of red reflex
diagnosis?
- retinoblastoma
- cataracts
optic disc cupping
diagnosis?
Glaucoma
Type of visual defect in open glaucoma
loss of peripheral visual field (tunnel vision)
mid-dilated pupil + red eye + hazy cornea + painful eye
Diagnosis?
Narrow-angle glaucoma
