Exam 8 - Vertebrates Flashcards
What is an organ system?
E
a group of two or more organs working together
Ex: Cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, immune system, etc.
What is the purpose of the Excretory System?
C
To filter waste/nutrients from the blood
Kidneys, bladder, etc. (create urine)
What types of animals have a three chamber heart?
D.14
Amphibians, reptiles, etc
they also have mixed blood.
What are the lungs?
F
Flexible air chambers/sacs for gas exchange.
Do arteries flow towards or away from the heart?
D20
flow away (usually with oxygenated blood)
what are the names of the four tissue types?
connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue.
What is an atrium?
D 13
A chamber in the heart that fills up with blood from blood vessels
Above and before the ventricles
Where is blood made?
E
inside of the bone marrow
What is the purpose of the vertebrae bones??
B
-protection of the spinal cord and brain
-locations for muscle attachment
-the control center (CNS) is protected
What are chambers?
(in the heart)
D19
Chambers are hollow spaces with walls made of cardiac muscles
Find on slide “WHAT MAKES ALL HEARTS SIMILAR?”
D19
Do veins flow away or to the heart?
D
They flow to the heart (Usually with deoxygenated blood)
What is one of the functions of the liver for the digestive system?
a
Produces bile to break down fats/lipids.
How do your skeletal muscles move your body?
A2
Muscles contract and relax atatched to bones, work together in antagonistic pairs
What are the parts of the human digestive system in order?
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine
- Anus
What does the diaphragm aid in?
F
Breathing.
F
What are gills and how do they work?
Flaps on the side of a fish that take in dissolved oxygen and give off carbon dioxide; require
F
Where does Filtering accour in the Excertory System?
C
The kidney.
What is an organ?
E
two or more tissues working together to form a structure with unique functions
What does the circulatory system do?
E
Transports oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrients.
What kind of blood do arteries and veins carry?
D
Arteries carry oxgenated blood and veins carry deoxgenated blood.
Are Exoskeltons living or nonliving?
B
they are nonliving secretions (chitin)
endo skeletons are made of living cells
Do fish have a one chamber heart, two chamber heart, three chamber or four chamber heart?
D.14
2 chamber heart
it only pumps de-oxygenated blood! blood comes into the heart only once per cycle
where is blood made?
bone marrow
What are ventricles
D 13
A chamber in the heart that pumps blood forcefully through the vessels
Under Atrium
thick muscles
What causes blood to go in only one direction?
D19
One way valves act as blocks to prevent blood from going the wrong way!
find on slide “WHAT MAKES ALL HEARTS SIMILAR?”
D19
What does Ectotherm mean?
Ectotherm means an external or outside heating which depends on the enviroment for body tempature.
C-5
Describe the central nervous system (CNS)
brain + spinal cord; procesing center, sends orders to the PNS!
What does the gallbladder do?
a
It stores the bile created by the liver.
What is the purpose of the large intestine vs. small intestine?
Small intestine - Actual location of nutrient absorption.
Large intestine - Water absorption/ formation of feces and stool waste.
What are capillares?
D
they are extremely thin vessels (one cell in diameter) that connect veins and arteries to allow flow for exchange of gases and nutrients with the cells
How do endotherms control their tempeture when they’re too hot?
- blood vessels on skin expand(vasodilation)
- allows blood to flow near the surface and be cooled
- sweat: evaporates, cools the skin, cools the blood
- Panting (if dog, cat, etc.)
Which side of the heart is the deoxygenated part?
D 13
The (patient’s) right side
If you are looking at the model you have to invert the left and right
Remember “patient always comes first”
C8.1
when you sweat, why does your skin cool down
the sweat has heat that was transferred from the blodd; when sweat evaperates, it cools the skin and blood
What functions is the pancreas responsible for?
a
- Creating/secreting digestive enzymes into small inestine
- Creating/secreting hormones (glucagon/insulin) that regulate blood sugar levels
What cell-type is the nervous system made up of?
F
Neurons.
What is tissue?
E
made of one cell type
Types; Epithelial, muscle, nervous, connective
What are ectotherms?
B
Fish, amphibians, reptiles and invertebrates, cannot contorl internally, adjust their activities based on their temperature
What are the steps of the heart cycle?
7 steps
D 13
- Deoxigenated blood is pumped to lungs
- Blood is filled with oxygen
- The blood returns to heart
- Blood is pumped to systemic circulation(Whole body)
- Cells take the oxygen at capillaries
- Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of heart
- Cycle repeats
