Exam 8 - Vertebrates

Question 1

What is an organ system?

E

Answer 1

a group of two or more organs working together

Ex: Cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, immune system, etc.

Question 2

What is the purpose of the Excretory System?

C

Answer 2

To filter waste/nutrients from the blood

Kidneys, bladder, etc. (create urine)

Question 3

What types of animals have a three chamber heart?

D.14

Answer 3

Amphibians, reptiles, etc

they also have mixed blood.

Question 4

What are the lungs?

F

Answer 4

Flexible air chambers/sacs for gas exchange.

Question 5

Do arteries flow towards or away from the heart?

D20

Answer 5

flow away (usually with oxygenated blood)

Question 6

what are the names of the four tissue types?

Answer 6

connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue.

Question 7

What is an atrium?

D 13

Answer 7

A chamber in the heart that fills up with blood from blood vessels

Above and before the ventricles

Question 8

Where is blood made?

E

Answer 8

inside of the bone marrow

Question 9

What is the purpose of the vertebrae bones??

B

Answer 9

-protection of the spinal cord and brain
-locations for muscle attachment
-the control center (CNS) is protected

Question 10

What are chambers?

(in the heart)

D19

Answer 10

Chambers are hollow spaces with walls made of cardiac muscles

Find on slide “WHAT MAKES ALL HEARTS SIMILAR?”

D19

Question 11

Do veins flow away or to the heart?

D

Answer 11

They flow to the heart (Usually with deoxygenated blood)

Question 12

What is one of the functions of the liver for the digestive system?

a

Answer 12

Produces bile to break down fats/lipids.

Question 13

How do your skeletal muscles move your body?

A2

Answer 13

Muscles contract and relax atatched to bones, work together in antagonistic pairs

Question 14

What are the parts of the human digestive system in order?

Answer 14

1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small Intestine
5. Large Intestine
6. Anus

Question 15

What does the diaphragm aid in?

F

Answer 15

Breathing.

F

Question 16

What are gills and how do they work?

Answer 16

Flaps on the side of a fish that take in dissolved oxygen and give off carbon dioxide; require

F

Question 17

Where does Filtering accour in the Excertory System?

C

Answer 17

The kidney.

Question 18

What is an organ?

E

Answer 18

two or more tissues working together to form a structure with unique functions

Question 19

What does the circulatory system do?

E

Answer 19

Transports oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrients.

Question 20

What kind of blood do arteries and veins carry?

D

Answer 20

Arteries carry oxgenated blood and veins carry deoxgenated blood.

Question 21

Are Exoskeltons living or nonliving?

B

Answer 21

they are nonliving secretions (chitin)

endo skeletons are made of living cells

Question 22

Do fish have a one chamber heart, two chamber heart, three chamber or four chamber heart?

D.14

Answer 22

2 chamber heart

it only pumps de-oxygenated blood! blood comes into the heart only once per cycle

Question 23

where is blood made?

Answer 23

bone marrow

Question 24

What are ventricles

D 13

Answer 24

A chamber in the heart that pumps blood forcefully through the vessels

Under Atrium

thick muscles

Question 25

What causes blood to go in only one direction?

D19

Answer 25

One way valves act as blocks to prevent blood from going the wrong way!

find on slide “WHAT MAKES ALL HEARTS SIMILAR?”

D19

Question 26

What does Ectotherm mean?

Answer 26

Ectotherm means an external or outside heating which depends on the enviroment for body tempature.

C-5

Question 27

Describe the central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 27

brain + spinal cord; procesing center, sends orders to the PNS!

Question 28

What does the gallbladder do?

a

Answer 28

It stores the bile created by the liver.

Question 29

What is the purpose of the large intestine vs. small intestine?

Answer 29

Small intestine - Actual location of nutrient absorption.
Large intestine - Water absorption/ formation of feces and stool waste.

Question 30

What are capillares?

D

Answer 30

they are extremely thin vessels (one cell in diameter) that connect veins and arteries to allow flow for exchange of gases and nutrients with the cells

Question 31

How do endotherms control their tempeture when they’re too hot?

Answer 31

• blood vessels on skin expand(vasodilation)
• allows blood to flow near the surface and be cooled
• sweat: evaporates, cools the skin, cools the blood
• Panting (if dog, cat, etc.)

Question 32

Which side of the heart is the deoxygenated part?

D 13

Answer 32

The (patient’s) right side

If you are looking at the model you have to invert the left and right

Remember “patient always comes first”

Question 33

C8.1

when you sweat, why does your skin cool down

Answer 33

the sweat has heat that was transferred from the blodd; when sweat evaperates, it cools the skin and blood

Question 34

What functions is the pancreas responsible for?

a

Answer 34

• Creating/secreting digestive enzymes into small inestine
• Creating/secreting hormones (glucagon/insulin) that regulate blood sugar levels

Question 35

What cell-type is the nervous system made up of?

F

Answer 35

Neurons.

Question 36

What is tissue?

E

Answer 36

made of one cell type

Types; Epithelial, muscle, nervous, connective

Question 37

What are ectotherms?

B

Answer 37

Fish, amphibians, reptiles and invertebrates, cannot contorl internally, adjust their activities based on their temperature

Question 38

What are the steps of the heart cycle?

7 steps

D 13

Answer 38

1. Deoxigenated blood is pumped to lungs
2. Blood is filled with oxygen
3. The blood returns to heart
4. Blood is pumped to systemic circulation(Whole body)
5. Cells take the oxygen at capillaries
6. Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of heart
7. Cycle repeats