Exam 11 human body Flashcards
(made by student)
what is anatomy
the study of the different organs and structures within the body
what is physiology
the study of the organs and the functions of the in the human body
what is a groupof cells similar in structure and function
tissue
where is epithelial tissue used
Protection(skin) absortion(lining of your small intestine) secretion(glands)
what is conective tissue
Most abundant and diverse. Support, bind together, and
protect other tissues or organs. Composed of protein fibers (collagen,
elastin). Bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, adipose (fat) tissue, and blood.
ihow does muscle tissue work
Contracts and causes movement.
what are the three types of muscle tissue
Skeletal
muscle (attached to bones and allows for voluntary
movement), cardiac muscle (found only in the heart,
pumps blood involuntarily), and smooth muscle (found in
the walls of internal organs, like the intestines and blood
vessels, controlling involuntary movements)
what is the type of tissue found int he brain?
nervous
what is the skin system called
integementry system
how does protection work in the skin
physical barrier against mechanical impacts, pathogens,
and harmful substances. Minimizes water loss and protects against
UV radiation (thanks to melanin protein) that damage cell DNA
what is sensation
a sensory organ in your skin rich with nervous tissue
Thermoregulation:
Through the dilation and constriction of blood
vessels and the activity of sweat glands, the skin helps regulate body
temperature (homeostasis) in response to environmental changes
what is the way sweat works
through excreation
why is vitamain D important
this helps calcium be absorbed, healthy bones, immunity, and so much more!
what are the 3 layers of skin fro inside to out
epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
what layer of skins vitamin d found in
epidermis
what layer of skin are the wax glands found in
dermis
where is melanin found
epidermis
what mostly makes up the hypo dermis
fat and connective tissue
what is the system that has all your bones, cartalige, tendons, and ligaments called
skeletal system
how are bones and muscles attached to each other
tendons
how are bones connected to other bones
ligaments
what do osteoclasts so
break down bones for other clcium needs
what do osteoblasts do
build up bones
what part of the bones make read blood cells
red bone marrow
what is the hard dense outer layer of the bone called
compact bone
Periosteum
fibrous membrane surrounding compact bone and
supplies blood to it. Attachment point for ligaments and tendons.
Bone growth, repair, remodeling.
Medullary cavity
Osteons
Medullary cavity
Periosteum
Spongy Bone Compact Bone
Red Marrow
what is collegen primary for
tendons, ligaments, and cartilage
what is Nonliving. Strong, absorbs shock, flexible, rubbery, allows
bones to smoothly slide over each other (at joints), also forms
various structures in body (nose, ear, parts of ribcage, etc.).
cartilage
what are growth plates made out of
cartilage
what type of joint is a ball in socket
synovial
what type of joints make up your back bone
cartilaginous
Posture
maintained by a constant low-level contraction of
muscles. Even when sitting still, your muscles are at work.
Postural muscles in the back, neck, and abdomen work
against gravity to keep the body upright and stable
Heat Production:
Muscles generate heat as a
byproduct of their contraction when ATP is used.
This is crucial for maintaining body temperature.
Skeletal Muscle:
attaches to bones, striated appearance
(striped/light & dark bands), and under voluntary control.
smooth muscle
Smooth Muscle: Found in walls of internal organs;
involuntarily controls blood vessel diameter, moving food
through gut, etc. Slower/smooth contractions
what is the thin filament in muscles
actin
what is the thick filament
myosin
Calcium
exposes binding sites on actin, and ATP
provides energy for myosin movement.
what happens every time apt breaks
heat is released
Cellular Respiration in Muscles
Mitochondria convert each glucose’s stored
energy into 38 ATP (Glycolysis → Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle → Electron Transport
Chain). Electron Transport chain requires oxygen though!!!!
When muscles run out of oxygen (due to exhaustion), they switch to Lactic
Acid Fermentation pathway to produce 2 ATP per each glucose… Less
efficient, and creates painful buildup of lactic acid in muscles!!
Remember, ATP is needed to bind to myosin and move it!
Myoglobin
stores a reserve of oxygen
within slow-twitch muscle cells; makes
them dark red! Fast-twitch, less myoglobin
what type of joints allow the most movement
from quiz
synovial
anatomy or physioligy examining the structural differences between muscle types
from quiz
anatomy
what type of tissue is in the spinal cord
from quiz
nervous
what is keritin for
from quiz
strengthening hair nails and skin
what happens if you have way too much calcium in you
osteoblasts will begin building up your bones and taking the extra calcium out of circulation
what is the middle bones in your skeleton called
from quiz
axial skeleton
