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1st Period, Life Sciences Honors > Exam 11 human body > Flashcards

Exam 11 human body Flashcards

(made by student)

1
Q

what is anatomy

A

the study of the different organs and structures within the body

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1
Q

what is physiology

A

the study of the organs and the functions of the in the human body

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2
Q

what is a groupof cells similar in structure and function

A

tissue

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3
Q

where is epithelial tissue used

A

Protection(skin) absortion(lining of your small intestine) secretion(glands)

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4
Q

what is conective tissue

A

Most abundant and diverse. Support, bind together, and
protect other tissues or organs. Composed of protein fibers (collagen,
elastin). Bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, adipose (fat) tissue, and blood.

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5
Q

ihow does muscle tissue work

A

Contracts and causes movement.

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6
Q

what are the three types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal
muscle (attached to bones and allows for voluntary
movement), cardiac muscle (found only in the heart,
pumps blood involuntarily), and smooth muscle (found in
the walls of internal organs, like the intestines and blood
vessels, controlling involuntary movements)

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7
Q

what is the type of tissue found int he brain?

A

nervous

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8
Q

what is the skin system called

A

integementry system

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9
Q

how does protection work in the skin

A

physical barrier against mechanical impacts, pathogens,
and harmful substances. Minimizes water loss and protects against
UV radiation (thanks to melanin protein) that damage cell DNA

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10
Q

what is sensation

A

a sensory organ in your skin rich with nervous tissue

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11
Q

Thermoregulation:

A

Through the dilation and constriction of blood
vessels and the activity of sweat glands, the skin helps regulate body
temperature (homeostasis) in response to environmental changes

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12
Q

what is the way sweat works

A

through excreation

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13
Q

why is vitamain D important

A

this helps calcium be absorbed, healthy bones, immunity, and so much more!

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14
Q

what are the 3 layers of skin fro inside to out

A

epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

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15
Q

what layer of skins vitamin d found in

A

epidermis

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16
Q

what layer of skin are the wax glands found in

A

dermis

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17
Q

where is melanin found

A

epidermis

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18
Q

what mostly makes up the hypo dermis

A

fat and connective tissue

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19
Q

what is the system that has all your bones, cartalige, tendons, and ligaments called

A

skeletal system

20
Q

how are bones and muscles attached to each other

A

tendons

21
Q

how are bones connected to other bones

A

ligaments

22
Q

what do osteoclasts so

A

break down bones for other clcium needs

23
Q

what do osteoblasts do

A

build up bones

24
Q

what part of the bones make read blood cells

A

red bone marrow

25
Q

what is the hard dense outer layer of the bone called

A

compact bone

26
Q

Periosteum

A

fibrous membrane surrounding compact bone and
supplies blood to it. Attachment point for ligaments and tendons.
Bone growth, repair, remodeling.
Medullary cavity
Osteons
Medullary cavity
Periosteum
Spongy Bone Compact Bone
Red Marrow

27
Q

what is collegen primary for

A

tendons, ligaments, and cartilage

28
Q

what is Nonliving. Strong, absorbs shock, flexible, rubbery, allows
bones to smoothly slide over each other (at joints), also forms
various structures in body (nose, ear, parts of ribcage, etc.).

A

cartilage

29
Q

what are growth plates made out of

A

cartilage

30
Q

what type of joint is a ball in socket

A

synovial

31
Q

what type of joints make up your back bone

A

cartilaginous

32
Q

Posture

A

maintained by a constant low-level contraction of
muscles. Even when sitting still, your muscles are at work.
Postural muscles in the back, neck, and abdomen work
against gravity to keep the body upright and stable

33
Q

Heat Production:

A

Muscles generate heat as a
byproduct of their contraction when ATP is used.
This is crucial for maintaining body temperature.

34
Q

Skeletal Muscle:

A

attaches to bones, striated appearance
(striped/light & dark bands), and under voluntary control.

35
Q

smooth muscle

A

Smooth Muscle: Found in walls of internal organs;
involuntarily controls blood vessel diameter, moving food
through gut, etc. Slower/smooth contractions

36
Q

what is the thin filament in muscles

A

actin

37
Q

what is the thick filament

A

myosin

38
Q

Calcium

A

exposes binding sites on actin, and ATP
provides energy for myosin movement.

39
Q

what happens every time apt breaks

A

heat is released

40
Q

Cellular Respiration in Muscles

A

Mitochondria convert each glucose’s stored
energy into 38 ATP (Glycolysis → Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle → Electron Transport
Chain). Electron Transport chain requires oxygen though!!!!
When muscles run out of oxygen (due to exhaustion), they switch to Lactic
Acid Fermentation pathway to produce 2 ATP per each glucose… Less
efficient, and creates painful buildup of lactic acid in muscles!!
Remember, ATP is needed to bind to myosin and move it!

41
Q

Myoglobin

A

stores a reserve of oxygen
within slow-twitch muscle cells; makes
them dark red! Fast-twitch, less myoglobin

42
Q

what type of joints allow the most movement

from quiz

A

synovial

43
Q

anatomy or physioligy examining the structural differences between muscle types

from quiz

A

anatomy

44
Q

what type of tissue is in the spinal cord

from quiz

A

nervous

45
Q

what is keritin for

from quiz

A

strengthening hair nails and skin

46
Q

what happens if you have way too much calcium in you

A

osteoblasts will begin building up your bones and taking the extra calcium out of circulation

47
Q

what is the middle bones in your skeleton called

from quiz

A

axial skeleton

48
Q
A

1st Period, Life Sciences Honors (10 decks)

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